本文選題：綠色公共建筑 + 運(yùn)行性能��； 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)內(nèi)綠色建筑和節(jié)能建筑的蓬勃發(fā)展，人們開始關(guān)注綠色建筑實(shí)際運(yùn)行性能。國(guó)外研究表明，部分綠色建筑未實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)期的節(jié)能效果和室內(nèi)環(huán)境舒適度，而現(xiàn)行綠色建筑運(yùn)行性能的相關(guān)研究與評(píng)價(jià)存在不足。為此本論文開展針對(duì)綠色公共建筑運(yùn)行性能進(jìn)行后評(píng)估的方法。同時(shí)，通過(guò)調(diào)研蘇州、上海、北京、天津、深圳等地綠色公共建筑、節(jié)能公共建筑、示范公共建筑，分析綠色節(jié)能公共建筑運(yùn)行過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題；并選取幾個(gè)典型案例進(jìn)行深入調(diào)研與測(cè)評(píng)，同時(shí)對(duì)典型技術(shù)的成本效益與實(shí)際運(yùn)行效果進(jìn)行了分析。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下。 首先，論文采用Q (Quality)-L(Load)二維綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法，構(gòu)建了綠色公共建筑運(yùn)行性能后評(píng)估體系，對(duì)建筑運(yùn)行階段的能源消耗、水資源消耗、環(huán)境質(zhì)量與服務(wù)性能提出了量化、以數(shù)據(jù)為導(dǎo)向的綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系。 其次，通過(guò)大量項(xiàng)目的調(diào)研，選取四個(gè)典型綠色節(jié)能辦公建筑項(xiàng)目開展案例試評(píng)價(jià)工作，驗(yàn)證后評(píng)估體系的可行性與合理性，并對(duì)后評(píng)估體系進(jìn)行調(diào)整。包括基于大量案例實(shí)際運(yùn)行各項(xiàng)能耗的比例、影響最大因素的調(diào)研，調(diào)整體系各項(xiàng)權(quán)重系數(shù)；基于當(dāng)?shù)赝惤ㄖ䲠?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)能耗分布特征、試評(píng)案例用戶問(wèn)卷平均滿意度分布特征調(diào)整體系評(píng)分；通過(guò)兩個(gè)案例建筑的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)性能測(cè)試以及與設(shè)計(jì)工況的比較研究，指出運(yùn)行用能不合理項(xiàng)，驗(yàn)證了從三類指標(biāo)（能耗指標(biāo)、負(fù)荷指標(biāo)和效率比指標(biāo)）進(jìn)行建筑能源消耗運(yùn)行性能評(píng)價(jià)并分析各項(xiàng)用能合理性的可行性。 此外，針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)行綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)階段評(píng)價(jià)采用核查表（checklist）的方法可能存在技術(shù)堆砌問(wèn)題，對(duì)與節(jié)能和室內(nèi)環(huán)境相關(guān)的常用綠色建筑技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分類調(diào)研、效果測(cè)評(píng)以及定量化的成本效益分析。自然通風(fēng)、自然采光、地道風(fēng)等低成本被動(dòng)式技術(shù)運(yùn)行效果良好，節(jié)能量大，，值得推廣。光導(dǎo)管、外遮陽(yáng)、新風(fēng)熱回收、太陽(yáng)能光熱系統(tǒng)需區(qū)別對(duì)待。光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)成本高、效率低，不值得推廣。 最后，論文研究對(duì)后評(píng)估執(zhí)行過(guò)程中需要收集與分析的資料與參數(shù)進(jìn)行了歸納，并總結(jié)了實(shí)際案例在數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)與系統(tǒng)分析方面的不足，提出后續(xù)工作的建議。 論文研究成果對(duì)于我國(guó)公共建筑在運(yùn)行階段綠色性能提升、反饋設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)、構(gòu)建從單一技術(shù)到完整系統(tǒng)的綠色建筑后評(píng)估體系提供了有益的參考。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of green buildings and energy-efficient buildings in China, people begin to pay attention to the actual performance of green buildings.Foreign studies show that some green buildings do not achieve the expected energy saving effect and indoor environment comfort, but the current green building performance research and evaluation are insufficient.Therefore, this paper carries out a post-evaluation method for the performance of green public buildings.At the same time, through the investigation of Suzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenzhen and other places green public buildings, energy-saving public buildings, demonstration of public buildings, analysis of green energy-saving public buildings in the process of operation problems;Several typical cases were selected for in-depth investigation and evaluation, and the cost effectiveness and actual operation effect of typical technology were analyzed.The main research contents are as follows.First of all, the paper constructs a post-evaluation system for the performance of green public buildings by using Q _ (Q) Quality-Ln Load (QQL) comprehensive evaluation method, and quantifies the energy consumption, water consumption, environmental quality and service performance in the building operation phase.Data-oriented comprehensive evaluation system.Secondly, through the investigation of a large number of projects, four typical green energy-saving office building projects are selected to carry out the case evaluation, to verify the feasibility and rationality of the post-evaluation system, and to adjust the post-evaluation system.Including a large number of cases based on the actual operation of the proportion of energy consumption, the largest factors affecting the investigation, adjustment of the system weight coefficient; based on the local similar building database energy consumption distribution characteristics,Through the performance test of air conditioning system of two case buildings and the comparison with the design conditions, the unreasonable items of running energy consumption are pointed out.The feasibility of evaluating the operational performance of building energy consumption and analyzing the rationality of energy use is verified from three kinds of indexes (energy consumption index, load index and efficiency ratio index).In addition, in view of the problem of technical stacking in the method of checking list in the current green building design stage evaluation in China, the common green building technologies related to energy saving and indoor environment are classified and investigated.Effect evaluation and quantitative cost-benefit analysis.The low cost passive technology such as natural ventilation, natural lighting and underground wind has good operation effect and energy saving, so it is worth popularizing.Light tube, outside shade, fresh wind heat recovery, solar photothermal system need to be treated differently.Photovoltaic system is not worth popularizing because of its high cost and low efficiency.Finally, the paper summarizes the data and parameters that need to be collected and analyzed in the process of post-evaluation implementation, summarizes the shortcomings of practical cases in data monitoring and system analysis, and puts forward some suggestions for follow-up work.The research results provide a useful reference for the improvement of green performance, feedback design and optimization design evaluation, and the construction of post-evaluation system of green building from single technology to complete system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU242;TU201.5

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