本文選題：渦旋壓縮機　切入點：制冷劑泄出　出處：《清華大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前，中小型空調（熱泵）器、熱泵熱水器在家用和輕型商業(yè)建筑中廣泛使用且保有量持續(xù)增加，相關節(jié)能研究是建筑節(jié)能研究的重要內容。由于實際系統(tǒng)大部分時間運行在小室內外溫差工況下，按照額定工況選擇的壓縮機難以提供優(yōu)秀的季節(jié)能效表現(xiàn)。本課題著眼于解決小室內外溫差下壓縮機的高效運行，實現(xiàn)向小容量和小壓比的調節(jié)，并為這種設備的開發(fā)奠定基礎。 本文首先從需求出發(fā)，分析高效空調用壓縮機應具備的調節(jié)能力。模擬計算了北京、上海、廣州三地輕型辦公建筑和住宅建筑全年冷熱負荷隨室外環(huán)境的變化情況以及合適額定容量的空調（熱泵）裝置全年運行于該建筑時系統(tǒng)壓比隨室外溫度的變化情況。研究表明：實際的空調（熱泵）系統(tǒng)大部分時間運行在小室內/外溫差工況下，此時小型空調（熱泵）裝置需要提供較小的制冷/制熱量，同時系統(tǒng)需求壓比大幅減��；從提高小型空調設備全年能效水平角度考慮，小型空調用壓縮機應具有向小容量調節(jié)能力的。同時，需具有良好的向小壓比調節(jié)的能力。 其次，實驗研究了制冷劑泄出對渦旋壓縮機和制冷熱泵系統(tǒng)性能的影響，實驗結果顯示：對渦旋壓縮機而言，制冷劑泄出能有效降低壓縮機排量，降低制冷量，降低壓縮機功耗，大幅度提高壓縮在過壓縮工況下的能效水平。同時，采用制冷劑泄出由于有效降低了壓縮機的排量，將導致蒸發(fā)器和冷凝器的換熱量減少、換熱溫差降低，由此使得蒸發(fā)溫度升高和冷凝溫度降低，使得系統(tǒng)效率得到了進一步的提升。 然后，根據(jù)測試結果修正現(xiàn)有的制冷劑泄出渦旋壓縮機模型，與實驗數(shù)據(jù)對比顯示，該模型能較好地預測渦旋壓縮機泄出工況下的性能。以該模型為基礎，模擬分析了泄出參數(shù)對渦旋壓縮機以及制冷熱泵系統(tǒng)性能的影響，并以此建立了制冷劑泄出系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化設計和控制方法。 最后，計算分析了該類系統(tǒng)應用于小型空調器和熱泵熱水器的應用前景，結果顯示，對于房間空調器，其高效運行的系統(tǒng)形式應為泄出+變頻系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在各地均有一定的節(jié)能潛力，尤其適用于目前空氣源熱泵廣泛應用的南方地區(qū)。對于從室外取熱的熱泵熱水器，制冷劑泄出同樣是一種有效的調節(jié)夏季和部分過渡季系統(tǒng)性能的手段。
[Abstract]:At present, small and medium air conditioning (heat pump) devices and heat pump water heaters are widely used in household and light commercial buildings, and the quantity of heat pump water heaters is increasing continuously. Energy conservation research is an important part of building energy conservation research.Because the actual system runs for most of the time under the condition of temperature difference inside and outside the chamber, it is difficult for the compressor selected according to rated working conditions to provide excellent seasonal energy efficiency performance.The purpose of this paper is to solve the high efficiency operation of the compressor under the temperature difference inside and outside the chamber, to realize the adjustment of the small capacity and the small pressure ratio, and to lay a foundation for the development of this kind of equipment.This paper starts from the demand, analyzes the high-efficiency air-conditioning compressor should have the adjustment ability.Beijing, Shanghai,The variation of heat and cold load with outdoor environment in light office buildings and residential buildings in Guangzhou, and the variation of pressure ratio of air conditioning (heat pump) equipment with proper rated capacity with outdoor temperature during the whole year.The results show that the actual air conditioning (heat pump) system runs in the small room / outside temperature difference condition most of the time, at this time the small air conditioning (heat pump) device needs to provide a small amount of refrigeration / heating, and the system demand pressure ratio is greatly reduced;From the point of view of improving the energy efficiency of small air conditioning equipment throughout the year, the compressor for small air conditioning should have the ability to adjust to small capacity.At the same time, need to have a good ability to adjust the small pressure ratio.Secondly, the effect of refrigerant release on the performance of scroll compressor and refrigeration heat pump system is studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the refrigerant release can effectively reduce the compressor displacement and the refrigerating capacity.Reduce compressor power consumption and greatly improve the energy efficiency level of compression under overcompression conditions.At the same time, the refrigerant release will reduce the heat exchange of evaporator and condenser, and the difference of heat transfer temperature will decrease, which will increase the evaporation temperature and decrease the condensing temperature.The system efficiency is further improved.Then, the existing refrigerant release vortex compressor model is modified according to the test results. The comparison with the experimental data shows that the model can predict the performance of the vortex compressor under the condition of discharge.Based on the model, the effects of the discharge parameters on the performance of the vortex compressor and the refrigeration heat pump system are simulated and analyzed, and the optimal design and control method of the refrigerant release system are established.Finally, the application prospect of this kind of system for small air conditioners and heat pump water heaters is calculated and analyzed. The results show that for room air conditioners, the system form of efficient operation should be the discharge frequency conversion system.The system has the potential to save energy in various places, especially in the southern region where air source heat pump is widely used.Refrigerant release is also an effective way to regulate the system performance in summer and some transitional seasons for heat pump water heaters taking heat from outside.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU831.4

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本文編號：1710888