本文選題：自然通風(fēng)　切入點(diǎn)：被動式設(shè)計(jì)　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：即將到來的全球能源危機(jī)使建筑能耗成為一個眾人關(guān)注的問題。 在中國、巴西這樣快速發(fā)展的國家，未來二十年將出現(xiàn)大量新建建筑。研究表明，由于更高的環(huán)境控制的設(shè)備能耗和更高水平的人工照明能耗，這些新建建筑比原建筑的平均能耗更高。 混合控制策略的建筑，在全年某些時段應(yīng)用自然通風(fēng)策略，在夏季最熱月份采用空調(diào)控制策略。這種策略可以在保證舒適工作環(huán)境的前提下降低建筑能耗。雖然建筑自然通風(fēng)熱舒適標(biāo)準(zhǔn)證明了該策略的可行性，，但是實(shí)際應(yīng)用的案例還很少。因此有必要從實(shí)例角度進(jìn)行證明。 為了達(dá)到這一目的，論文針對深圳（中國南部，靠近廣州）一棟辦公建筑進(jìn)行研究。該建筑采用了多種被動技術(shù)策略，除了全年最熱的夏季月份之外，利用業(yè)主控制的窗戶實(shí)現(xiàn)自然通風(fēng)策略。論文針對通風(fēng)策略對應(yīng)的時段進(jìn)行案例分析。 熱舒適調(diào)研結(jié)果顯示工作區(qū)域的室內(nèi)溫度絕大多數(shù)落在ASHRAE-55適用于自然通風(fēng)建筑的熱舒適范圍內(nèi)，最大的問題在于冬天溫度過低。當(dāng)室內(nèi)溫度高于21oC時，用戶的滿意率超過80%。夏季空調(diào)期時，室內(nèi)溫度在26.5oC周邊。常年室內(nèi)溫度超過28oC的工作小時為總數(shù)的4.3%。 考慮本建筑中辦公區(qū)域，能耗大約為60.2kWh.m2，與當(dāng)?shù)?7個辦公建筑樣本數(shù)據(jù)庫相比，該建筑比絕大多數(shù)建筑節(jié)能（能耗數(shù)據(jù)比數(shù)據(jù)庫平均值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的差值要低）。與文獻(xiàn)中的分項(xiàng)能耗數(shù)據(jù)比較表明，該建筑能耗低是由于空調(diào)部分、照明和插座部分的能耗較低。 作為分析比較，建立圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)封閉的參考模型，模擬分析結(jié)果表明，實(shí)際建筑的潛熱負(fù)荷小是由于該建筑全天和整年的空調(diào)時間短。分析建筑的顯熱負(fù)荷，各因素對顯熱負(fù)荷的影響差異較小，這些因素除了全天和全年的空調(diào)時間長短，還包括建筑屋頂遮陽設(shè)施、更高的建筑空調(diào)設(shè)定溫度、由于更好地利用自然采光而導(dǎo)致的更少的人工照明。把公共區(qū)域涉及城市外空間是能達(dá)到這個效果的一個重要的因素。 該研究結(jié)果充分證明了混合模式建筑在亞熱帶濕熱氣候條件下的可行性和有效性。辦公建筑利用自然通風(fēng)策略，可以兼顧能耗節(jié)約和環(huán)境舒適。這為建筑師提供了一種聯(lián)系建筑使用者與外界環(huán)境的新思路。
[Abstract]:The coming global energy crisis has made building energy consumption a matter of concern. In a rapidly growing country like China and Brazil, there will be a large number of new buildings in the next two decades. Research shows that because of higher energy consumption for environmentally controlled equipment and higher levels of artificial lighting, These new buildings consume more energy on average than the original buildings. For buildings with mixed control strategies, natural ventilation is applied at certain times of the year, Air conditioning control strategy is adopted in the hottest months of summer. This strategy can reduce building energy consumption while ensuring a comfortable working environment. Although the building natural ventilation thermal comfort standard proves the feasibility of the strategy, However, the actual application of the case is rare, so it is necessary to prove from the point of view of an example. To achieve this, the paper studies an office building in Shenzhen (southern China, near Guangzhou). The building uses a variety of passive technical strategies, except for the hottest summer months of the year. The natural ventilation strategy is realized by the window controlled by the owner. The results of the thermal comfort survey show that most of the indoor temperature in the working area falls within the thermal comfort range of the ASHRAE-55 suitable for naturally ventilated buildings. The biggest problem is that the winter temperature is too low. When the indoor temperature is higher than 21oC, During the summer air conditioning period, the indoor temperature is around 26.5oC. The annual indoor temperature exceeds the working hours of 28oC is 4.3% of the total. Considering the office area in this building, the energy consumption is about 60.2kWh.m2, compared with the sample database of 57 local office buildings, The energy consumption of this building is lower than that of most buildings (the energy consumption data is lower than the difference between the average value of the database and the standard deviation. Compared with the energy consumption data of the sub-items in the literature, the energy consumption of the building is low because of the air conditioning, the lighting and the socket. As an analysis and comparison, the reference model of enclosed enclosure structure is established. The simulation results show that the low latent heat load of the actual building is due to the short air conditioning time of the building all day and the whole year, and the sensible heat load of the building is analyzed. The influence of various factors on sensible heat load is relatively small. In addition to the length of air conditioning throughout the day and throughout the year, these factors also include building roof shading facilities, higher building air conditioning setting temperatures, Less artificial lighting as a result of better use of natural lighting. The involvement of public areas outside urban spaces is an important factor in achieving this effect. The results of this study fully demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of mixed model buildings in subtropical humid and hot climates. The natural ventilation strategy is used in office buildings. Energy saving and environmental comfort can be taken into account, which provides a new way for architects to connect the building users with the outside environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU243

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