本文關(guān)鍵詞： 砌塊成型機 液壓激振 非線性振動 支持向量機 密實成型　出處：《太原理工大學》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：砌塊成型機是生產(chǎn)砌塊的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備,其振動密實成型技術(shù)決定了砌塊質(zhì)量的高低。我國生產(chǎn)的砌塊存在密實度低的問題,導致抗壓強度普遍較低,耐久性差。歐美等國的砌塊成型技術(shù)先進,振動頻率可達60Hz-85Hz,臺振機加速度達到10g以上,模振機加速度可達20g左右,我國以臺振機為主,頻率在50Hz-65Hz,加速度一般不超過10g。與歐美等國相比,我國成型機振動系統(tǒng)頻率低,加速度小,是導致密實度不高的主要原因。研究和開發(fā)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的能夠生產(chǎn)高強砌塊的成型機,對打破國外高端成型機的技術(shù)壟斷,提高我國砌塊成型機技術(shù)力量具有重要意義�，F(xiàn)有的振動密實大多采用偏心式慣性振動,受自身結(jié)構(gòu)的制約,其振動頻率很難再提高。本文提出利用液壓激振作為振動輸出源,結(jié)合分段非線性彈性力的振動系統(tǒng)來解決低頻、小加速度問題。主要研究內(nèi)容與結(jié)論如下： (1)分析混凝土密實成型影響因素,確定合理的振動參數(shù),以此為設(shè)計依據(jù),在分析了幾種振動形式的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了以兩段不對稱彈簧組成非線性力的雙質(zhì)體液壓高頻垂直定向振動系統(tǒng)。研究開發(fā)了轉(zhuǎn)軸式高頻激振器,并構(gòu)建了整個液壓調(diào)頻激振系統(tǒng)。 (2)分析激振器-液壓缸組成的振動系統(tǒng)激振機理,針對系統(tǒng)參數(shù)時變性強的特點,建立基于瞬變流原理的帶旋轉(zhuǎn)流體液壓振動系統(tǒng)的動力學模型,用有限差分法求得系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性。由仿真結(jié)果得,該液壓激振系統(tǒng)的頻率和振幅可控可調(diào),在相同的系統(tǒng)壓力下,輸出激振力比直流液壓振動系統(tǒng)大；外負載一定時,對物料加壓工況下,振動系統(tǒng)輸出激振力隨之增大,有利于振動密實。 (3)通過實驗測定了彈性元件的載荷-變形曲線,得到了彈性力變化的滯回曲線,擬合了分段多項式的函數(shù)表達式。對成型機振動系統(tǒng)受力分析與運動過程分析,建立了具有五段非線性力的帶雙向間隙的雙質(zhì)體非線性振動模型,并用等價線性化法求得系統(tǒng)一次近似解,可得本文設(shè)計的振動系統(tǒng)從結(jié)構(gòu)上保證了振動能量集中作用于模箱而不耗散于系統(tǒng)其他元件；用龍格-庫塔法得到系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,頻率70Hz-90Hz系統(tǒng)加速度可達15g以上,且產(chǎn)生混沌振動,實現(xiàn)以確定頻率輸入獲得寬頻響應,以低頻激勵獲得高頻諧響,大大提高混凝土顆粒的均勻性與密實度。 (4)研制實驗樣機,搭建模箱工作模態(tài)測試系統(tǒng),通過定階得到系統(tǒng)模態(tài)參數(shù)。搭建振動參數(shù)采集系統(tǒng)并測取相關(guān)參數(shù),分析頻率、壓力對系統(tǒng)振幅與加速度的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)合模態(tài)參數(shù),實驗結(jié)果表明砌塊成型機在雙頻(70Hz,80Hz)激勵下能產(chǎn)生多種共振同時存在的混沌振動,實現(xiàn)節(jié)能寬頻振動密實,當在外激頻率60Hz-90Hz范圍內(nèi),系統(tǒng)振動加速度最大峰值達到甚至超過20g,指標超過國標的規(guī)定,與仿真結(jié)果一致,表明了本文所提出的非線性液壓振動系統(tǒng)的正確性與合理性。 (5)以實驗所得輸入輸出數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù),采用支持向量機建立成型機實際振動系統(tǒng)整體實驗模型。采用中值濾波和卷積濾波處理實驗中的異常數(shù)據(jù)并進行數(shù)據(jù)光滑。利用5折交叉驗證法確定支持向量機核函數(shù)最優(yōu)參數(shù),獲得基于離散數(shù)據(jù)的實驗模型；提出改進網(wǎng)格尋優(yōu)方法并結(jié)合交叉驗證法搜索核函數(shù)最優(yōu)參數(shù),獲得基于時間序列的振動系統(tǒng)實驗模型,以實驗數(shù)據(jù)驗證了兩種模型響應預測的準確性,該實驗模型是對理論模型的補充和完善。 綜上所述,本文的研究工作為開發(fā)能夠生產(chǎn)高密實度砌塊的成型機提供了理論支撐,對振動利用工程的發(fā)展以及建筑砌塊行業(yè)的節(jié)能減排具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The building block forming machine is the key equipment for producing building blocks . The vibration compacting technology determines the quality of the building blocks . The vibration frequency of the building blocks produced in China is low and the durability is poor . The vibration frequency of the building blocks is low and the durability is poor . ( 1 ) Based on the analysis of several vibration modes , a double - mass hydraulic high - frequency vertical directional vibration system consisting of two asymmetric springs is put forward , which is based on the analysis of several vibration modes . The rotating shaft type high frequency vibration exciter is developed and the whole hydraulic frequency modulation excitation system is constructed . ( 2 ) analyzing the exciting mechanism of the vibration system composed of the exciter - hydraulic cylinder , and establishing a dynamic model of the hydraulic vibration system with the rotating fluid based on the principle of the transient flow aiming at the characteristics of strong variability in the system parameters , and obtaining the dynamic characteristics of the system by a finite difference method . ( 3 ) The load - deformation curve of the elastic element is measured by experiments , the hysteretic curve of the elastic force change is obtained , and the function expression of the piecewise polynomial is fitted . By using the equivalent linearization method , a double - mass nonlinear vibration model with two - way gap is established . ( 4 ) The experimental prototype is developed to set up the working modal test system of the mould box , and the system modal parameters are obtained through the orders . The influence of the frequency and the pressure on the amplitude and acceleration of the system is analyzed . According to the modal parameters , the experimental results show that the maximum peak value of the vibration acceleration of the building block reaches even more than 20g when the external excitation frequency is 60 Hz - 90 Hz . The results agree with the simulation results , which indicates the correctness and rationality of the nonlinear hydraulic vibration system proposed in this paper . ( 5 ) Based on the input and output data of the experiment , the support vector machine is used to establish the integral experimental model of the actual vibration system of the forming machine . Using median filtering and convolution filtering to process the abnormal data in the experiment , the experimental model based on the discrete data is obtained . The experimental model of the vibration system based on the time series is obtained by using the 5 - fold cross verification method . The experimental data is used to validate the accuracy of the two models . The experimental model is the complement and perfection of the theoretical model . In conclusion , the research work of this paper provides theoretical support for the development of forming machines which can produce high density blocks , which is of great significance to the development of vibration utilization engineering and the energy saving and emission reduction of building block industry .

【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU522.3

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