本文關(guān)鍵詞： 二氧化碳制冷 自然工質(zhì) 太陽能制冷 太陽能供暖 零能耗建筑　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：太陽能熱驅(qū)動制冷技術(shù)，可轉(zhuǎn)化夏季建筑物立面所接受的太陽輻射為所需冷量，在能源轉(zhuǎn)換與利用層面具有合理性。然而，太陽能能流密度低且不穩(wěn)定，以太陽能驅(qū)動的小型制冷機(jī)制取的冷凍水溫度較高，不適宜直接輸入室內(nèi)末端，進(jìn)行供冷。另一方面，太陽能輔助熱泵進(jìn)行供暖和生活熱水聯(lián)合供給的技術(shù)已經(jīng)相對成熟，此類系統(tǒng)不能以高效節(jié)能的形式滿足建筑制冷需求，且夏季太陽能集熱環(huán)路存在過熱。因此，集成太陽能制冷技術(shù)，最終形成在全年尺度內(nèi)滿足建筑制冷、供暖和生活熱水綜合需求的設(shè)備，是一個重要的研究方向。針對以上問題，本研究嘗試開發(fā)一種太陽能輔助過冷的二氧化碳混合熱泵（冷熱兼供型），其通過太陽能驅(qū)動小型吸收機(jī)對二氧化碳機(jī)組進(jìn)行過冷卻，從而強(qiáng)化其制冷性能，使整機(jī)的冷熱輸出與建筑負(fù)荷更為匹配。 本研究首先建立了太陽能輔助二氧化碳跨臨界制冷循環(huán)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，明確了過冷卻熱力過程在超臨界循環(huán)中的特性，比較了過冷在二氧化碳超臨界循環(huán)和合成制冷劑亞臨界循環(huán)中的異同，且通過穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬量化節(jié)能率，明確過冷卻對性能的促進(jìn)。其后，從空調(diào)工況應(yīng)用角度，分析了通過太陽能制冷實現(xiàn)過冷強(qiáng)化的可行性并預(yù)測了太陽能吸收式制冷與常規(guī)二氧化碳壓縮式制冷兩項技術(shù)結(jié)合后的整機(jī)性能。模擬結(jié)果顯示，當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度為28oC時，過冷過程的增加可使循環(huán)COP達(dá)到4.0，相較原基本循環(huán)，制冷性能可以提升45.5%。此外，如果以太陽能吸收式制冷來實現(xiàn)過冷卻過程，則當(dāng)驅(qū)動溫度為90oC時，可再生能源轉(zhuǎn)化的輔助冷量占總冷量的比例為22%，當(dāng)驅(qū)動溫度為94oC時，該比例可升至33%。 在熱力學(xué)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，開發(fā)了試驗樣機(jī)并分別搭建了制冷和供暖試驗系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場性能測試。實驗測量了開發(fā)機(jī)組在制冷工況下，分別采用混合模式（含太陽能輔助過冷）和獨立模式（普通二氧化碳制冷）的機(jī)組性能。結(jié)果顯示，混合模式下，室外溫度約為28.0oC時，制冷COP約為2.32。主機(jī)供暖性能測試結(jié)果顯示，室外溫度為10.4oC時，制熱COP為2.60。 因機(jī)組集成了太陽能集熱和儲存環(huán)路等，故影響整機(jī)性能的參數(shù)較常規(guī)熱泵機(jī)組更多，特別是需考慮太陽能輻照強(qiáng)度等因素對機(jī)組性能的影響。故在單機(jī)性能研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對太陽能輔助二氧化碳壓縮式制冷系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了性能分析。研究從單一針對開發(fā)機(jī)組，擴(kuò)展到包含有太陽能集熱器、水箱、主機(jī)和建筑的供能系統(tǒng)。研究基于經(jīng)過試驗驗證的系統(tǒng)模型，通過動態(tài)模擬，對影響系統(tǒng)性能的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析并量化了影響程度，同時通過模擬比較了設(shè)計的制冷系統(tǒng)與常規(guī)制冷系統(tǒng)的性能。 在供熱工況下，太陽能輔助設(shè)備與壓縮式主機(jī)的結(jié)合方式與制冷工況下不同，并非采用機(jī)內(nèi)集成模式，而是作為雙熱源并聯(lián)供給至室內(nèi)末端。因此，結(jié)合供暖系統(tǒng)的形式，對系統(tǒng)重要參數(shù)，如集熱器面積、水箱體積、室內(nèi)負(fù)荷和控制條件等分別進(jìn)行了單參數(shù)（變量）的影響程度分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上，，通過敏感性分析，確定了不同影響參數(shù)的權(quán)重，據(jù)此，選取了主要影響參數(shù)進(jìn)行了以成本為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的多參數(shù)同步優(yōu)化模擬。并通過太陽能保證率、主機(jī)性能等性能指標(biāo)對優(yōu)化后的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了性能分析與評價。 最后，以零能耗為核心設(shè)計和評價目標(biāo)，結(jié)合一棟實際建筑，討論了以開發(fā)主機(jī)為核心的建筑能源系統(tǒng)實際應(yīng)用。該能源系統(tǒng)可在全年尺度內(nèi)滿足90m2公寓內(nèi)的制冷、采暖和生活熱水需求，同時，通過太陽能光伏發(fā)電補(bǔ)充實現(xiàn)年凈能耗為零。在對設(shè)計要素進(jìn)行闡述的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了能源系統(tǒng)整體性能分析，該分析不僅量化了含建筑在內(nèi)的整體系統(tǒng)各部分能耗，而且比較了供需以驗證設(shè)計目標(biāo)。除零能耗設(shè)計指標(biāo)外，對系統(tǒng)在舒適性等指標(biāo)也進(jìn)行了評價。
[Abstract]:Solar driven refrigeration technology, solar radiation can be transformed into the summer facade and accepted as the required cooling capacity, the energy conversion and utilization level is reasonable. However, the solar energy density is low and unstable, chilled water temperature is higher in small refrigeration system driven by solar energy is not suitable for direct input from the indoor terminal, for for the cold. On the other hand, the solar assisted heat pump combined heating and hot water supply technology is relatively mature, this kind of system can not meet the demand of building cooling with high efficiency and energy saving, and summer solar heat loop overheating. Therefore, the integration of solar refrigeration technology, finally formed in the annual scale meet the building cooling, heating water and water requirement of equipment, is an important research direction. In view of the above problems, this study attempts to develop a solar assisted cold two Carbon dioxide hybrid heat pump (cold and heat supply type), which is driven by solar energy and small absorption machine, is used to cool the CO2 unit, so as to enhance its refrigeration performance, and make the cold and heat output of the whole machine match the building load better.
This research has established the mathematical model of solar assisted carbon dioxide transcritical refrigeration cycle, the cooling process in the super critical thermal characteristics in the circulation, compared the supercooling in ultra supercritical circulating and synthesis of carbon dioxide between refrigerant subcritical cycle, and through quantitative simulation of the steady rate of energy saving, clear cooling promote on performance. Then, from the angle of application condition, through the realization of the feasibility of solar refrigeration and enhanced cooling and forecast the performance of compression refrigeration technology in two after the combination of solar absorption refrigeration and conventional carbon dioxide. The simulation results show that when the ambient temperature is 28oC, increasing the cooling process of the circulating COP reached 4 compared to the original basic cycle, can improve the refrigeration performance of 45.5%. in addition, if the solar absorption refrigeration to achieve the cooling process, when the driving temperature is 90oC At the time, the proportion of the auxiliary cooling capacity of the renewable energy conversion is 22%. When the driving temperature is 94oC, the ratio can rise to 33%.
Based on the thermodynamic analysis, the development of the experimental prototype were built and the cooling and heating test system, on-site performance testing. Experimental measurement of the development unit in cooling conditions, using mixed mode (including solar assisted cold) and independent mode (ordinary carbon dioxide refrigeration) of the unit performance. The results show that mixed mode, the outdoor temperature is about 28.0oC, about COP refrigeration heating performance test results of 2.32. display, the outdoor temperature is 10.4oC, heating for 2.60. COP
Because the unit integrates solar heat collection and storage ring, the impact of the performance parameters more than conventional heat pump units, especially the need to consider the factors of solar radiation intensity effects on the performance of the unit. It is based on the single performance study, two of the solar assisted carbon dioxide compression refrigeration system is analyzed from the research. A single unit for the development, expand to include a solar collector, water tank, and the construction for the host system can through the system. Based on the model test, through dynamic simulation, parameters affecting the system performance are analyzed and quantify the degree of influence, and compare the performance of refrigeration system design and conventional refrigeration system through the simulation.
In the heating conditions, the solar energy auxiliary equipment and compression type host combination with different cooling conditions, is not used in the integrated model, but as the two heat sources parallel supply to the indoor terminal. Therefore, combined with the heating system, the important system parameters, such as the collector area, tank volume, indoor load and control conditions were investigated by single parameter analysis (variable) of the impact. On this basis, through sensitivity analysis, to determine the weights of different parameters, accordingly, select the main parameters of synchronous simulation and Optimization Based on cost parameters of the objective function. And the solar fraction, the performance index of host performance analysis and evaluation on the performance of the optimized system.
Finally, the zero energy consumption as the core design and evaluation, combined with a practical construction, discusses the practical application of building energy system for the development of the host as the core. The energy system in the annual scale in 90m2 meet in the apartment of refrigeration, heating and hot water demand, at the same time, through the implementation of solar photovoltaic power generation of net energy consumption zero. Based on the design elements, the overall performance analysis of energy system, energy consumption of each part of the whole system of the quantitative analysis not only with building, and compared the supply and demand in order to verify the design goals. In addition to zero energy design index, the system on comfort index was also evaluated.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU83

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本文編號：1478995