本文關鍵詞： 三維激光掃描 變形監(jiān)測 數(shù)據(jù)處理 精度評價　出處：《北京建筑大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著激光掃描技術在測繪領域的大踏步前進，以及國家基礎設施的建設蓬勃開展，高端的三維激光掃描儀器逐漸進入普通人們的視線，三維激光掃描測量技術深刻改變了我們的生活和測繪領域的發(fā)展。三維激光測量技術作為近些年發(fā)展起來的一項高新技術，以其方便、快捷的以高精度、密度方式并且是無接觸形式獲得地面研究對象的三維點云數(shù)據(jù)，這使得地面三維激光掃描技術的應用領域已經深入到工程測量、變形監(jiān)測等測繪領域的各個分支。 變形監(jiān)測是指對大到整個地殼、小到某個工程構（建）筑物等的點位移動和形狀變化狀況而展開的一項長期、重復的測量工作，預報有可能出現(xiàn)的災害狀況并提前預防，因此它為國計民生做出了很大貢獻。隨著三維激光掃描技術開始涉足變形監(jiān)測這個領域，新的技術方法、數(shù)據(jù)處理分析方法也必定要隨之跟上，怎樣利用這項先進的測量技術做變形監(jiān)測，是有待深入研究的,因此，將三維激光掃描技術引入到變形監(jiān)測領域中，具有重要的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。 本論文首先闡述了基于地面三維激光掃描技術應用于變形監(jiān)測的意義、現(xiàn)狀、優(yōu)缺點及發(fā)展趨勢，接著分別介紹了變形監(jiān)測的基本概念、監(jiān)測方法、數(shù)據(jù)處理分析方法和三維激光掃描測量的原理、特點、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、獲取點云數(shù)據(jù)的特點及數(shù)據(jù)處理方法做了詳細的介紹。三維激光掃描技術雖然可以反映掃描變形體的整體面貌，但是我們卻不能在兩期數(shù)據(jù)之間找到同一個坐標點位，即沒有同名點，，可以利用在點云模型中提取變形輪廓線，利用插值的方法擬合函數(shù)進行曲線重建，這樣從整體到局部的變形體變形值就可以獲得,并且能通過測量精度的誤差傳遞給出精度。最后根據(jù)相關理論和實驗，我們給出了被監(jiān)測對象的點、線、面的變形情況以及對發(fā)展趨勢做了預測。
[Abstract]:With the rapid progress of laser scanning technology in the field of surveying and mapping, and the construction of national infrastructure is booming, high-end three-dimensional laser scanning equipment has gradually entered the line of sight of ordinary people. Three-dimensional laser scanning measurement technology has profoundly changed the development of our life and mapping field. As a new technology developed in recent years, three-dimensional laser measurement technology is convenient and fast with high precision. The density method and contactless form to obtain the 3D point cloud data of the ground research object, which makes the application field of 3D laser scanning technology on the ground deep into the engineering measurement. Deformation monitoring and other fields of surveying and mapping branches. Deformation monitoring is a long and repeated survey of the point movement and shape change of the whole crust and small or small engineering structures (or structures). It has made a great contribution to the national economy and people's livelihood. With the 3D laser scanning technology began to step into the field of deformation monitoring, a new technical method. Data processing and analysis methods must follow, how to use this advanced measurement technology to do deformation monitoring, is to be further studied, therefore, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is introduced into the deformation monitoring field. It has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the significance, current situation, advantages and disadvantages and development trend of the application of 3D laser scanning technology to deformation monitoring based on ground are described, and then the basic concepts and monitoring methods of deformation monitoring are introduced respectively. The principle, characteristics and development of data processing and analysis method and 3D laser scanning measurement. The characteristics and data processing methods of acquiring point cloud data are introduced in detail. Although 3D laser scanning technology can reflect the whole appearance of scanning deformable body. However, we can not find the same coordinate point between the two periods of data, that is, there is no point of the same name, we can use the point cloud model to extract the deformed contour, and use the interpolation method to fit the curve to reconstruct the curve. In this way, the deformation values from the whole to the local can be obtained, and the accuracy can be obtained by the error transfer of the measurement accuracy. Finally, according to the relevant theory and experiment, we give the points and lines of the monitored object. The deformation of the plane and the trend of development are forecasted.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P225.2;P227;TU196.1

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本文編號：1460608