本文關鍵詞： 被動控制 形狀記憶合金 阻尼器 數值模擬 時程分析　出處：《華南理工大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：形狀記憶合金（Shape Memory Alloy）具有獨特而優(yōu)異的形狀記憶效應、超彈性、高阻尼和耐腐蝕特性，近年來吸引著土木工程師的關注。記憶合金的超彈性是指材料在外力作用下會發(fā)生馬氏體相變，產生較大的變形，應力去除后會發(fā)生馬氏體逆相變，并恢復到原來的形狀。目前，利用記憶合金的超彈性可以耗能，開發(fā)出了很多記憶合金阻尼器，同時，這類阻尼器可以實現自復位特性。利用自復位的記憶合金阻尼器進行耗能減震時，不需要外部能量的輸入，結構沒有殘余側移，值得重視。目前，大部分振動控制分析軟件是通過數學模型來描述阻尼器的滯回曲線，從而得到被動控制結構的地震動響應，因而這種分析耗時較少，但精度會受到數學模型的限制。 記憶合金材料屬于高度非線性材料，環(huán)境溫度與馬氏體含量直接影響材料的力學性能，本文在基于材料本構模型基礎上進行了自復位記憶合金阻尼器減震結構的數值模擬，，具體工作如下： （1）介紹了記憶合金的力學性能，并對材料的本構模型進行了歸納總結。對比了Tanaka、Liang和Brinson等唯象理論本構模型，并利用Brinson本構模型對材料的力學性能進行了模擬，該模型將中間變量-即馬氏體含量，分為應力與溫度引起的部分，能精確的描述材料的超彈性與形狀記憶特性。 （2）針對一種自復位記憶合金阻尼器，介紹了其構造特點和力學模型。利用Brinson本構模型，通過Matlab編程來描述阻尼器的力-位移滯回性能。編程的做法是：給阻尼器施加往復位移荷載，在每個位移步上通過Brinson模型計算記憶合金絲的馬氏體含量與應力，進而得到阻尼器耗能組的反力，疊加阻尼器回位組的反力后得到阻尼器的總反力。 （3）對利用自復位記憶合金阻尼器耗能減震的單層、多層框架進行了受力分析，并通過編程計算有控結構的地震動響應，對比無控結構計算結果分析阻尼器的減震效果。有控結構編程的做法是：建立結構的動力方程，并考慮樓層側移引起的阻尼器反力，通過Wilson-θ法計算結構在時域內的結構動力響應。 （4）運用Sap2000軟件對多層框架進行分析，并將結果與MATLAB軟件編程結果對比。驗證所編程序的可行性。
[Abstract]:Shape Memory alloy has unique and excellent shape memory effect, super elasticity, high damping and corrosion resistance. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of civil engineers. The superelasticity of memory alloy is that martensite transformation occurs under external force, resulting in large deformation, and the reverse martensite transformation occurs after stress removal. At present, many memory alloy dampers have been developed by using the super-elasticity of the memory alloy to consume energy. This kind of dampers can realize the characteristics of self-reset. When the self-reset memory alloy damper is used for energy dissipation, the input of external energy is not required, and there is no residual lateral shift of the structure, which is worthy of attention. Most of the vibration control analysis software describes the hysteresis curve of the damper by mathematical model, so the response of the passive control structure to ground motion is obtained, so this analysis takes less time. But the precision will be limited by the mathematical model. Memory alloy materials belong to highly nonlinear materials. Ambient temperature and martensite content directly affect the mechanical properties of the materials. In this paper, based on the material constitutive model, the numerical simulation of self-reset memory alloy damper structure is carried out. The main work is as follows: 1) the mechanical properties of the memory alloy are introduced, and the constitutive models of the materials are summarized and compared with the phenomenological constitutive models such as Tanaka Liang and Brinson. The Brinson constitutive model is used to simulate the mechanical properties of the material. The intermediate variable, that is, the content of martensite, is divided into two parts: stress and temperature. It can accurately describe the hyperelastic and shape memory properties of materials. The structural characteristics and mechanical model of a self-reset memory alloy damper are introduced. The Brinson constitutive model is used. The force displacement hysteretic performance of the damper is described by Matlab programming. The programming method is to apply reciprocating displacement load to the damper. The martensite content and stress of the memory alloy wire were calculated by Brinson model at each displacement step, and then the reaction force of the damper energy dissipation group was obtained. The total reaction force of the damper is obtained after adding the reaction force of the return group of the damper. 3) the single-layer and multi-layer frame with self-reset memory alloy damper is analyzed, and the ground motion response of the controlled structure is calculated by programming. Compared with the calculation results of uncontrolled structure, the damping effect of damper is analyzed. The programming method of controlled structure is to establish the dynamic equation of the structure, and to consider the damper reaction force caused by the lateral shift of the floor. The dynamic response of the structure in time domain is calculated by the Wilson- 胃 method. Finally, the Sap2000 software is used to analyze the multi-layer framework, and the results are compared with the results of MATLAB software programming to verify the feasibility of the program.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU352.1

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