本文關(guān)鍵詞： 外商直接投資 空間分布 時(shí)空演化 中國(guó)　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程中,資本、資源、技術(shù)和勞動(dòng)力重新組合建立國(guó)際勞動(dòng)分工體系,擁有雄厚資金和發(fā)達(dá)技術(shù)的國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)移國(guó)內(nèi)資本以獲得最大收益。外商直接投資是全球化過(guò)程中最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,也是跨國(guó)公司進(jìn)行境外擴(kuò)張的根本手段。在投資國(guó)獲得利益和占領(lǐng)市場(chǎng)的同時(shí),引資國(guó)也獲得了優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展資本、先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代管理技能等,兩者各有所獲。 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)利用FDI經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)從數(shù)量小、范圍窄、限制多的試點(diǎn)階段逐步發(fā)展到全方位、多層次、寬領(lǐng)域的全面開(kāi)放的格局。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)作為一個(gè)成功的轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì),從20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)一直是吸引外商直接投資最多的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,FDI的大規(guī)模流入為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)進(jìn)步、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展提供了巨大的推動(dòng)作用,改變著我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)空間結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)及市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),加速了與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的融合。 在相關(guān)理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文首先利用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)方法,對(duì)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)中國(guó)利用FDI空間分布格局、時(shí)間和空間演化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)利用FDI發(fā)展在經(jīng)歷一個(gè)由高度集中分布逐步轉(zhuǎn)向有選擇地轉(zhuǎn)移擴(kuò)散的過(guò)程,即FDI在向中西部地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移擴(kuò)散時(shí),主要是選取經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較好、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施較為完善、資源密集、政策優(yōu)惠等投資環(huán)境良好的省會(huì)城市、直轄市或資源密集型城市。 其次,采用偏好度和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)模型分析我國(guó)FDI來(lái)源的變化趨勢(shì)和特征,以把握我國(guó)FDI來(lái)源地的時(shí)空結(jié)構(gòu)特征。FDI來(lái)源和規(guī)模在逐漸拓寬及持續(xù)壯大,整體上我國(guó)FDI來(lái)源地表現(xiàn)出“歐洲偏愛(ài)北方、亞洲偏愛(ài)南方”現(xiàn)象,我國(guó)FDI來(lái)源多樣性提高和FDI來(lái)源地的投資格局重新洗牌。并利用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)模型(DEA)分析了我國(guó)不同地區(qū)利用FDI的效率情況,我國(guó)FDI利用效率并沒(méi)不理想,FDI利用綜合效率經(jīng)歷從“大分散-小集中”與“大集中-小分散”并存逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤按蠹?小分散”為主導(dǎo)的空間分布局面,FDI利用存在冗余和不足并存的現(xiàn)象。 最后,分析了影響我國(guó)FDI空間分布的因素,探討了隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展影響FDI轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)因,構(gòu)建了FDI區(qū)位選擇的“推拉”模型,FDI西移的基本條件是FDI盈利最大化的機(jī)會(huì)與地方具備承接FDI能力的統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:In the process of economic globalization, capital, resources, technology and labor force are recombined to establish the international division of labor system. Foreign direct investment is the most important economic phenomenon in the process of globalization. It is also the fundamental means for multinational corporations to expand abroad. While the investment countries gain the benefits and occupy the market, the foreign investment countries also obtain the advantages of development capital, advanced technology, modern management skills and so on. Both have their own gains. Since the reform and opening up, China has experienced a small number, narrow scope, more restrictions of the pilot phase to develop to all-round, multi-level. China's economy, as a successful transition economy, has been the developing country attracting the most foreign direct investment since 1990s. The large-scale inflow of FDI has provided a huge impetus for China's economic growth, technological progress, industrial upgrading, expansion of employment and foreign trade development, and has changed the economic structure and industrial spatial structure of our country. Industrial organization structure and market structure, accelerated the integration with the world economy. On the basis of relevant theoretical analysis, this paper first uses the competitive state method to analyze the spatial distribution pattern, temporal and spatial evolution of FDI in China since the reform and opening up. It is found that the development of FDI in China is going through a process from highly concentrated distribution to selective transfer and diffusion, that is, when FDI is transferred to the central and western regions, the main choice of economic development level is better. Capital cities, municipalities directly under the Central Government or resource-intensive cities with better investment environment, such as better infrastructure, intensive resources and preferential policies. Secondly, we use preference degree and competitive state model to analyze the trend and characteristics of FDI sources in China. In order to grasp the characteristics of space-time structure of FDI origin in China. The origin and scale of FDI are gradually widened and continue to grow. On the whole, China's FDI origin shows a "preference for the north in Europe and a preference for the south in Asia". The diversity of FDI sources in China and the reshuffle of the investment pattern of FDI sources are reshuffled, and the efficiency of using FDI in different regions of China is analyzed by using data Envelopment Model (DEAA). The utilization efficiency of FDI in China is not unsatisfactory. By using the comprehensive efficiency, FDI has gradually changed from the coexistence of "big decentralization-small concentration" and "large concentration-small dispersion" to a spatial distribution situation dominated by "large centralization and small dispersion". There is redundancy and deficiency in FDI utilization. Finally, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the spatial distribution of FDI in China, probes into the factors that influence the transfer of FDI with the development of social economy, and constructs the "push-pull" model of FDI location selection. The basic condition of FDI moving westward is the unification of the opportunity of maximizing FDI profit and the local ability to undertake FDI.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F124;TU982.2

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