本文關鍵詞：基于蓄能器能量回收的挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)能研究　出處：《西南交通大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 液壓挖掘機 蓄能器 制動能量回收 回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng) AMESim

【摘要】：液壓挖掘機作為國家基礎建設的重要工程機械之一,已經(jīng)廣泛應用于建筑、交通、水利、礦山以及軍事等領域中。然而,液壓挖掘機的工況復雜,負載變化劇烈,發(fā)動機往往工作在低效區(qū),燃油利用率低,而高效、節(jié)能、減排一直是世界各國企業(yè)追求的主要目標之一。經(jīng)過分析挖掘機的普通回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng),其能量損失主要由兩方面引起：一是回轉(zhuǎn)啟動時的溢流損失,二是回轉(zhuǎn)制動時的動能以熱能的形式而損失,為了解決上述兩方面的能耗問題,本文以日本小松生產(chǎn)的PC220-8挖掘機為研究對象,提出了基于蓄能器的挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)制動能量回收系統(tǒng),并對其進行了相關的研究。 論文主要做了以下工作： 1、調(diào)研和查閱相關文獻,了解目前液壓挖掘機整機系統(tǒng)和回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能研究,找出目前研究的不足,為下一步提出更節(jié)能的挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)方案打下基礎。 2、對比分析了各儲能元件的優(yōu)缺點,最終選擇蓄能器作為本系統(tǒng)的儲能元件,提出了基于蓄能器的挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)制動能量回收系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)利用電子控制技術,通過壓力檢測來判斷識別制動能量的回收,同時根據(jù)蓄能器釋放能量途徑的不同,提出了兩種方案：方案一將蓄能器內(nèi)的高壓油直接釋放到回轉(zhuǎn)馬達進油口,直接用于驅(qū)動回轉(zhuǎn)馬達,稱之為直接利用方案；方案二將蓄能器內(nèi)的高壓油釋放到液壓泵進油口,通過減小液壓泵進出口壓差,降低電動機的負載,稱之為間接利用方案。 3、利用AMESim軟件建立了傳統(tǒng)方案、方案一和方案二仿真模型,通過仿真分析了三種方案在挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)啟動過程中的流量和能量利用效率,仿真結果表明：傳統(tǒng)方案由于沒有配置制動能量回收系統(tǒng),流量利用效率和能量利用效率都比較低；方案一通過制定合適的控制策略,使得能量利用效率達到最理想的狀態(tài);而方案二雖然配置了制動能量回收系統(tǒng),能量利用效率雖然有所提高,但和方案一相比效率還是比較低。 4、對方案一系統(tǒng)從能量回收效率、回收能量再利用效率和系統(tǒng)節(jié)能率三方面進行了仿真分析,仿真結果表明：具有回轉(zhuǎn)制動能量回收的挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)能量回收效率為66.9%,回收能量再利用效率為50.3%,系統(tǒng)節(jié)能效率為49.9%。最后分析了蓄能器體積和回轉(zhuǎn)平臺轉(zhuǎn)動慣量對系統(tǒng)能量回收效率、回收能量再利用效率和系統(tǒng)節(jié)能率的影響。 5、為了從實驗數(shù)據(jù)方面驗證所設計的回轉(zhuǎn)制動能量回收系統(tǒng)的可行性和節(jié)能效果,從實驗方案及原理、實驗設備與儀器和實驗數(shù)據(jù)采集平臺等三個方面,對挖掘機回轉(zhuǎn)制動能量回收系統(tǒng)的模擬實驗進行闡述,并對實驗平臺進行了設計。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator as one of the important construction machinery in national infrastructure has been widely used in construction transportation water conservancy mining and military. However the working conditions of hydraulic excavator are complex. The load changes dramatically, the engine often works in the low efficiency area, the fuel efficiency is low, but the high efficiency, the energy saving, the emission reduction is one of the main targets which the world enterprise pursues all the time. The energy loss is mainly caused by two aspects: one is the spillage loss when the rotation starts, the other is the kinetic energy loss in the form of heat energy in the rotary braking, in order to solve the energy consumption problem of the above two aspects. In this paper, the PC220-8 excavator produced by Komatsu in Japan is taken as the research object, and a rotary braking energy recovery system of excavator based on accumulator is put forward, and the relevant research is carried out on it. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. Investigate and consult the relevant literature, understand the current hydraulic excavator system and rotary system of energy-saving research, find out the shortcomings of the current research. It lays the foundation for a more energy-saving rotary system of excavator. 2. The advantages and disadvantages of each energy storage element are compared and analyzed. Finally, the accumulator is selected as the energy storage component of the system, and the rotary braking energy recovery system of excavator based on accumulator is put forward. The system uses electronic control technology to judge the recovery of braking energy by pressure detection, and according to the different ways of energy release from accumulator. Two schemes are put forward: one is to release the high-pressure oil from the accumulator directly to the inlet of the rotary motor, which is called the direct utilization scheme for driving the rotary motor; The second scheme is to release the high pressure oil in the accumulator to the inlet of the hydraulic pump. By reducing the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the hydraulic pump and reducing the load of the motor, it is called the indirect utilization scheme. 3. The simulation model of traditional scheme, scheme 1 and scheme 2 is established by using AMESim software. The flow rate and energy utilization efficiency of three schemes in the process of rotary start of excavator are analyzed by simulation. The simulation results show that the flow utilization efficiency and energy utilization efficiency of the traditional scheme are low due to the lack of braking energy recovery system. The first scheme is to make the energy use efficiency reach the ideal state by making appropriate control strategy. Although the second scheme is equipped with the braking energy recovery system, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, but compared with the first scheme, the efficiency is still relatively low. 4. The system is simulated and analyzed from three aspects: energy recovery efficiency, energy recovery efficiency and energy saving rate. The simulation results show that the energy recovery efficiency of the rotary system of excavator with rotary braking energy recovery is 66.9 and the recovery energy reuse efficiency is 50.3%. The energy saving efficiency of the system is 49.9. Finally, the effects of the volume of the accumulator and the rotational inertia of the rotary platform on the energy recovery efficiency, the energy recovery efficiency and the energy saving rate of the system are analyzed. 5. In order to verify the feasibility and energy saving effect of the designed rotary braking energy recovery system from the aspect of experimental data, the experimental scheme and principle, experimental equipment and instrument, and experimental data acquisition platform are three aspects. The simulation experiment of rotary braking energy recovery system of excavator is described, and the experimental platform is designed.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU621

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