本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于振動(dòng)信息的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識(shí)別的幾種新方法　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)信息 損傷特征函數(shù) 損傷識(shí)別 損傷定位 損傷程度識(shí)別 抗噪能力

【摘要】：基于振動(dòng)信息的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識(shí)別通過(guò)對(duì)安裝在結(jié)構(gòu)上的傳感器測(cè)得的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)信號(hào)采用某種算法進(jìn)行分析來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)、定位、甚至定量損傷,具有可在線實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)、快速定期檢測(cè)、節(jié)省人力等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；自20世紀(jì)70年代末期以來(lái)受到了廣泛關(guān)注并取得了很大進(jìn)展,已經(jīng)提出了很多種結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識(shí)別方法,但還面臨著受噪聲干擾大、對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)值模型精確度有較大依賴、對(duì)損傷的敏感性有待提高等挑戰(zhàn)。 本文主要研究基于振動(dòng)信息的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識(shí)別(損傷定位和損傷定量),重點(diǎn)發(fā)展不需要結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模型(或?qū)δＰ途_度依賴性低)、對(duì)環(huán)境和測(cè)試噪聲不敏感且對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)損傷敏感的損傷識(shí)別方法,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： (1)建立了適用于結(jié)構(gòu)精細(xì)化和稀疏測(cè)點(diǎn)下?lián)p傷定位的SDLV法觀測(cè)矩陣C的選擇方法,從而提高了SDLV方法損傷定位的準(zhǔn)確度。從SDLV法的核心(未知輸入下Q矩陣的構(gòu)造)入手,通過(guò)比較不同測(cè)點(diǎn)數(shù)比例下觀測(cè)矩陣C對(duì)Q矩陣的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同測(cè)點(diǎn)數(shù)比例時(shí)基于不同C矩陣構(gòu)建的Q矩陣與損傷識(shí)別結(jié)果相關(guān)；為了減少傳感器的使用數(shù)量,用力平衡的概念研究給出了基于SDLV法的兩種常見(jiàn)桁架結(jié)構(gòu)稀疏測(cè)點(diǎn)布置方案,實(shí)現(xiàn)了測(cè)點(diǎn)數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)性和損傷識(shí)別精細(xì)化程度之間的平衡；為了實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)桁架結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵桿件上局部損傷的定位,提出了基于SDLV法的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵構(gòu)件精細(xì)化損傷定位方法和步驟；通過(guò)兩種常見(jiàn)的桁架結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)以上內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了模擬和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。 (2)提出了基于比例柔度矩陣的LU(QR)分解的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷定位方法。柔度矩陣可以僅通過(guò)前幾階低階模態(tài)參數(shù)構(gòu)建,但需要己知結(jié)構(gòu)輸入(或至少在一個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)上已知輸入)來(lái)獲得質(zhì)量歸一化振型,這在實(shí)際中往往難以做到,本文采用結(jié)構(gòu)比例柔度矩陣及其LU(QR)分解的結(jié)果,針對(duì)不同的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)象構(gòu)建不同的損傷指標(biāo)進(jìn)行損傷定位,并通過(guò)剪切型集中質(zhì)量框架模型和桁架結(jié)構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行了模擬和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。 (3)提出了四種目標(biāo)函數(shù)和相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷程度識(shí)別方法。運(yùn)用以上兩種方法可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并定位損傷,但未涉及損傷定量。針對(duì)損傷定量問(wèn)題,選擇損傷單元及其所在小范圍的子結(jié)構(gòu)脈沖響應(yīng)和低階振型為目標(biāo)向量,借助有限元模型修正的方法,分別采用相關(guān)系數(shù)和模態(tài)保證準(zhǔn)則分析模型修正結(jié)果中對(duì)應(yīng)向量與目標(biāo)向量之間的相似度,進(jìn)而提出了四種結(jié)構(gòu)損傷程度識(shí)別的目標(biāo)函數(shù)和識(shí)別方法,并在簡(jiǎn)支梁模型和桁架結(jié)構(gòu)模型上進(jìn)行了模擬和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。 (4)研究／提出了五種基于振動(dòng)信息的損傷特征函數(shù)：分形維數(shù)、近似熵、對(duì)數(shù)加速度能量、離散度、急動(dòng)度能量等；并且采用曲率差和概率平均的思想,分別提出了相應(yīng)于每種損傷特征函數(shù)的平均歸一化曲率差和歸一化曲率差概率的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷定位方法；在幾個(gè)不同類型的結(jié)構(gòu)仿真和試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ蜕?分別進(jìn)行了不同噪聲水平下的模擬驗(yàn)證和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。此外,基于以上幾種損傷特征函數(shù)和進(jìn)一步提出的“修正的對(duì)數(shù)加速度能量”損傷特征函數(shù),研究了大跨度橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)吊桿和斜拉索的損傷定位。結(jié)果表明：這些方法對(duì)損傷敏感、抗噪聲能力強(qiáng)、不需要結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)值模型,避免了參數(shù)識(shí)別和建模過(guò)程中的誤差。 本文方法適用于基于實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)(基于環(huán)境激勵(lì))或定期檢測(cè)獲得振動(dòng)信息的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識(shí)別,驗(yàn)證模擬和試驗(yàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)類型有：剪切型集中質(zhì)量框架模型、梁結(jié)構(gòu)模型、桁架(網(wǎng)架)結(jié)構(gòu)模型、懸索橋結(jié)構(gòu)算例、拱橋結(jié)構(gòu)算例、斜拉橋結(jié)構(gòu)算例等。
[Abstract]:Location of structural damage identification information through the vibration of the vibration sensor installed in the structure of the measured response signals by some algorithm were analyzed to identify, even based on quantitative damage, which can be real-time monitoring, fast periodic detection, save manpower and other advantages; since the late 1970s has attracted extensive attention and has made great progress. Have proposed a method of structural damage identification, but also face the noise interference, a greater reliance on the accuracy of the mathematical model of the structure, to improve the challenge to damage sensitivity.
Structural damage identification based on vibration information (this paper mainly studies the damage location and damage quantification), does not need to focus on the development of the finite element model (or the model accuracy, low dependence) on the environment and is not sensitive to noise test and damage identification method is sensitive to structural damage, the main research contents are as follows:
(1) selection method is established for the fine structure and sparse measurement SDLV method observation matrix C points of damage localization, which improves the SDLV method of damage localization accuracy. From the core SDLV method (Q matrix constructed under unknown input) to start, through observing the effects of C on different matrix Q matrix the proportion of measuring points under different measuring points, found that when the proportion of the Q matrix and the damage identification results of different C matrix construction based on correlation; in order to reduce the number of sensors used, given the concept of force balance in the location of two common sparse truss structure based on SDLV method, the number of measurement points between economy and damage identification of fine degree of balance; in order to realize the truss structure of key members on local damage location, put forward the key components of the structure by SDLV refinement method and steps based on the damage location by two; The above contents are simulated and tested by the common truss structures.
(2) put forward the proportional flexibility matrix LU (QR) based on structure decomposition method. The damage location can only through the flexibility matrix before a few low order modal parameters of construction, but the known structure of input (or at least in a measuring point on the known input) to obtain the mass normalized mode shapes, it is often difficult to achieve in practice, this paper adopts the structure of proportional flexibility matrix and LU (QR) decomposition results, according to the different objects of different construction damage index and damage location, through shearing lumped mass model and truss structure model were simulated and verified.
(3) put forward four kinds of objective function and the corresponding structural damage identification method. By using the above two methods can detect and locate damage, but not related to injury. For quantitative damage quantification, sub structure damage and the unit impulse response selection of small range and low order modes as the target vector, using the finite element model updating method, using the correlation coefficient and the modal assurance criterion analysis of similarity between the correction results in the corresponding model vector and the target vector, and then put forward the objective function and the recognition method of four kinds of structural damage identification, and simulation and experimental verification on beam and truss structure model.
(4) study / put forward five kinds of damage characteristic function based on vibration information: fractal dimension, approximate entropy, logarithmic energy dispersion, acceleration and jerk energy; and the idea of curvature difference and average probability, are proposed for structural damage localization average normalized curvature corresponding to each kind of function and damage characteristics the normalized curvature difference method in probability; structure simulation and test model of several different types, were simulated and tested under different noise levels. In addition, several damage characteristic function and further put forward the "modified logarithmic acceleration energy damage characteristic function based on the damage location of long-span bridges suspender and cable. The results show that the method is sensitive to damage and strong anti noise ability, does not need the mathematical model of the structure, to avoid the parameter identification and modeling The error in the process.
This method is suitable for real-time monitoring (based on structural damage identification based on environmental excitation) or regular detection to obtain the vibration information, type of structure to verify the simulation and test are: shearing lumped mass model of beam structure model, truss structure (grid) model of suspension bridge as an example, the arch bridge structure example, cable-stayed bridge the structure of the example.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU317

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