發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-15 19:41

【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和軟件技術(shù)的發(fā)展,軟件系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)從單體式架構(gòu)到面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)一直在不斷演進(jìn)。近年來(lái),面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)方式由于其靈活、解耦、規(guī)范化等諸多優(yōu)勢(shì),被廣泛應(yīng)用于大型企業(yè)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)。但是基于ESB(Enterprise Service Bus)構(gòu)建的面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)也存在集中化、成本高、維護(hù)難等問(wèn)題。對(duì)于面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)的不足,國(guó)內(nèi)外互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)探索通過(guò)微服務(wù)架構(gòu)方式,優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)服務(wù)化的構(gòu)建和管理。微服務(wù)架構(gòu)去中心化、高度自治、自動(dòng)化等特點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步對(duì)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)進(jìn)行解耦,并且和敏捷迭代、DevOps文化更加契合,可以使用較低的成本,滿(mǎn)足企業(yè)軟件研發(fā)體系結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展需要,提高研發(fā)效率,規(guī)范服務(wù)治理。本文對(duì)使用API網(wǎng)關(guān)構(gòu)建微服務(wù)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了分析和研究。首先,基于Spring Boot框架和Protocol Buffers實(shí)現(xiàn)了高效的微服務(wù)開(kāi)發(fā)框架,它支持服務(wù)定義、服務(wù)注冊(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)、服務(wù)間REST和RPC通信、服務(wù)持續(xù)集成等功能。另外,結(jié)合Nginx和Lua語(yǔ)言的OpenResty平臺(tái),開(kāi)發(fā)了具有權(quán)限校驗(yàn)、流量控制、反向代理等功能的高性能的API網(wǎng)關(guān)以及API網(wǎng)關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)管理系統(tǒng)。按照軟件工程研發(fā)的流程和方法,結(jié)合公司具體業(yè)務(wù)和服務(wù)治理需求,通過(guò)用例建模分析系統(tǒng)需求、通過(guò)系統(tǒng)邏輯架構(gòu)完成公司服務(wù)治理方案、微服務(wù)開(kāi)發(fā)框架和API網(wǎng)關(guān)的架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),分析和實(shí)現(xiàn)了各系統(tǒng)之間主要接口,完成了 API網(wǎng)關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)流程圖、類(lèi)圖和時(shí)序圖,完成本人主要負(fù)責(zé)的服務(wù)框架腳本工具、服務(wù)間通信、API網(wǎng)關(guān)請(qǐng)求代理以及流量控制配置功能的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)并進(jìn)行編碼實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后通過(guò)功能性測(cè)試和非功能性測(cè)試對(duì)系統(tǒng)功能和性能進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。目前本項(xiàng)目的微服務(wù)開(kāi)發(fā)框架已經(jīng)在公司多個(gè)產(chǎn)品線(xiàn)中投入使用,API網(wǎng)關(guān)每日支撐了數(shù)億次API調(diào)用請(qǐng)求。隨著公司繼續(xù)推進(jìn)微服務(wù)架構(gòu)快速發(fā)展,平臺(tái)化服務(wù)框架的生態(tài)會(huì)更加豐富和完善。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet and software technology, software system architecture has been evolving from single architecture to service oriented architecture. In recent years, service-oriented architecture has been widely used in large enterprise systems because of its flexibility, decoupling, standardization and many other advantages. However, the service-oriented architecture based on ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) also has some problems, such as centralization, high cost and difficult maintenance. For the shortcomings of service-oriented architecture, domestic and foreign Internet enterprises explore the way of micro-service architecture to optimize the construction and management of system service. The characteristics of microservice architecture such as decentralization, high autonomy, automation and so on further decouple the system architecture, and it is more compatible with agile iteration and DevOps culture, and can use lower cost to meet the development needs of enterprise software R & D architecture. Improve R & D efficiency and standardize service management. This paper analyzes and studies the use of API gateway to build a micro-service system. Firstly, an efficient microservice development framework based on Spring Boot framework and Protocol Buffers is implemented. It supports service definition, service registration and discovery, REST and RPC communication between services, continuous integration of services, and so on. In addition, based on the OpenResty platform of Nginx and Lua, a high performance API gateway and a service management system of API gateway are developed with the functions of authorization check, traffic control, reverse proxy and so on. According to the process and method of software engineering research and development, combined with the specific business and service management requirements of the company, the system requirements are analyzed by use case modeling, and the corporate service governance scheme is completed through the system logic architecture. The architecture design of micro service development framework and API gateway is analyzed and implemented. The database design of API gateway is completed. Design flow chart, class diagram and timing diagram, complete the main responsible service framework script tools, inter-service communication, API gateway request agent and flow control configuration function of the detailed design and coding implementation. Finally, the function and performance of the system are verified by functional test and non-functional test. At present, the microservice development framework of this project has been put into use in many product lines of the company, and the API gateway supports hundreds of millions of API call requests a day. As the company continues to promote the rapid development of micro-service architecture, the ecosystem of platform-based service framework will be more rich and perfect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP311.52

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