【摘要】：數(shù)字乳腺斷層成像(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)是一項(xiàng)基于數(shù)字平板探測器的高級應(yīng)用技術(shù),是在傳統(tǒng)體層成像基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)的新型體層成像技術(shù)。靜態(tài)數(shù)字乳腺斷層成像(stationary digital breast tomosynthesis,sDBT)系統(tǒng),是一種基于多光束X射線源陣列的數(shù)字乳腺斷層成像系統(tǒng),采用靜態(tài)電子掃描的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)成像,可以有效消除X射線源轉(zhuǎn)動帶來的運(yùn)動偽影,同時縮短掃描成像時間�；谔技{米管陰極的X射線源具有高時間分辨、可編程控制等優(yōu)勢,多光束X射線源的控制是研究的重點(diǎn)方向。非晶硒數(shù)字平板探測器屬于直接轉(zhuǎn)換型數(shù)字探測器,直接將X射線轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號,具有極高的成像分辨率,足以滿足乳腺成像的要求。本文基于AXS-2430非晶硒平板探測器進(jìn)行靜態(tài)數(shù)字乳腺斷層成像系統(tǒng)的圖像采集軟件開發(fā)和圖像預(yù)處理研究。在Visual Studio 2010軟件平臺下,利用MFC進(jìn)行平板探測器的圖像采集軟件開發(fā),同時設(shè)計(jì)了針對陣列式多光束碳納米X射線源的脈沖參數(shù)控制軟件及相應(yīng)的控制電路,進(jìn)行乳腺模體圖像采集實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了圖像的預(yù)處理方法,及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析。本文主要研究了以下內(nèi)容:(1)介紹和分析了數(shù)字平板探測器的結(jié)構(gòu)和成像原理、碳納米管X射線源工作原理及靜態(tài)數(shù)字乳腺CT(s-DBT)系統(tǒng)的成像原理。分析目前商用的平板探測器的性能,選用非晶硒平板探測器作為成像媒介。(2)基于MFC和OpenCV完成了探測器圖像采集軟件和脈沖參數(shù)控制軟件的開發(fā),并將二者進(jìn)行集成,實(shí)現(xiàn)了圖像的采集、存儲和實(shí)時顯示的功能。采用線對卡對探測器分辨率進(jìn)行初步測試和分析,驗(yàn)證了探測器的成像性能。(3)基于FPGA最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)了陣列式X射線源脈沖控制電路,并結(jié)合脈沖參數(shù)控制軟件進(jìn)行控制效果測試,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,控制電路達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。(4)基于實(shí)驗(yàn)成像數(shù)據(jù)初步對投影圖像進(jìn)行了圖像預(yù)處理研究,包括圖像校正、調(diào)窗及DICOM轉(zhuǎn)換等,對比分析了不同校正方法的去噪效果,設(shè)計(jì)出了較為完善的校正算法。
[Abstract]:Digital mammography (digital breast tomosynthesisDBT) is an advanced application technology based on digital flat panel detector. It is a new imaging technology based on traditional tomography and digital image processing. Static digital mammography (stationary digital breast tomosynthesissDBT) system is a digital mammography system based on multi-beam X-ray source array. It can effectively eliminate the motion artifacts caused by the rotation of the X-ray source and shorten the scanning time. The X-ray source based on carbon nanotube cathode has the advantages of high time resolution and programmable control. The control of multi-beam X-ray source is the focus of research. The amorphous selenium digital flat panel detector belongs to the direct conversion type digital detector which converts the X-ray directly into the electric signal and has the extremely high imaging resolution which can satisfy the mammary gland imaging request. Based on the AXS-2430 amorphous selenium flat panel detector, the image acquisition software and image preprocessing of the static digital mammography system are developed in this paper. Under the software platform of Visual Studio 2010, the image acquisition software of flat panel detector is developed by using MFC, and the pulse parameter control software and the corresponding control circuit are designed for the array multi-beam carbon nanocrystalline X-ray source. The preprocessing method of mammary gland motifs was studied and the experimental results were analyzed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the structure and imaging principle of digital flat panel detector, the working principle of carbon nanotube X-ray source and the imaging principle of static digital mammary CT (s-DBT) system are introduced and analyzed. The performance of the commercial flat panel detector is analyzed, and the amorphous selenium flat detector is selected as the imaging medium. (2) based on MFC and OpenCV, the image acquisition software and pulse parameter control software are developed and integrated. The functions of image acquisition, storage and real-time display are realized. The resolution of the detector is tested and analyzed with a line-pair card, and the imaging performance of the detector is verified. (3) an array X-ray source pulse control circuit based on FPGA minimum system is designed. The experimental results show that the control circuit meets the design requirements. (4) based on the experimental imaging data, the image preprocessing of the projection image is preliminarily studied, including image correction. The noise removal effect of different correction methods is compared and analyzed, and a more perfect correction algorithm is designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41

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