本文選題：汽車卡簧 + 視覺檢測　； 參考：《天津大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：卡簧屬于緊固件的一種,供裝在軸槽或孔槽中,起著阻止軸上或孔上的零件軸向運動的作用。作為一種量大面廣的基礎機械零件,它幾乎覆蓋國民經濟的各個領域。由于使用環(huán)境、場合、功能各異,卡簧的形狀和大小差別懸殊,品種繁雜。應用在汽車領域的汽車卡簧,是一種產量大又需要逐片檢測的精細化工業(yè)產品。其內徑、開口尺寸等關鍵參數,對軸承等軸上零件的緊固效果有著重要的影響。但是,目前仍以人工檢測為主。人工檢測的方式存在著精度差、效率低等問題,與卡簧的快速加工生產高度不匹配。另外,由于一對一裝配的需求,采用人工方式實現打包計數不僅對操作工的視力有一定程度的不良影響,而且還將會引入極大的人為誤差。綜上所述,急需一種自動化檢測設備彌補這方面的空白。本課題來源于長城汽車指定供貨商委托研發(fā)的汽車卡簧自動檢測分選機項目。本課題旨在研發(fā)一種能應用于工業(yè)現場對卡簧關鍵尺寸進行評價進而保證質量的自動化設備。雖然此前沒有任何院所嘗試這方面的研究,但以課題組和目前一些已用于工業(yè)現場的成功先例為參考,可以得到很多啟發(fā)。在這樣的背景下,本文的主要工作如下:1.研制新型汽車卡簧全自動檢測分選儀,確定總體方案。提出了由供料環(huán)節(jié)、檢測環(huán)節(jié)、傳動環(huán)節(jié)和分選環(huán)節(jié)四部分組成的分選系統。供料部分設計為三個電磁振動給料器,分別為儲料器、圓形振動給料器、直線振動給料器,彼此串聯構成三級接力送料,解決了卡簧儲存、整序、鉤掛及上料的問題。對幾何特征具有一定特殊性的小尺寸薄型汽車卡簧,其內徑、開口尺寸和環(huán)寬等關鍵幾何尺寸,提出了基于光學鏡頭和單相機的二維數字圖像算法的檢測方案。在傳動機構中,本設計提出了一種具有原創(chuàng)新穎性、一定通用性的視覺測量儀用多工位工作臺。配合特殊的氣動驅動系統,很好地解決了包括檢測精度、效率、多規(guī)格在內的設計要求。對高速噴射氣流的工件響應特性進行了實驗分析,并對其在分選裝置的應用進行了總結。2.完成分選儀控制系統設計。由于在機械結構及其驅動方式設計時,優(yōu)化控制對象的控制方式,極大地降低了系統復雜度。所以采用數據采集卡作為工控機和執(zhí)行元件的通信接口。設計了接口驅動電路解決數據采集卡的驅動能力的問題。設計了電氣控制板,提供各種電氣元件所需的環(huán)境。3.進行精度評定實驗和綜合參數評定實驗,評估系統的各項指標。根據實驗數據分析了影響測量精度的各種因素。4.開展了基于FPGA技術的數字圖像采集系統的研究。為加速圖像算法和后續(xù)分選設備的簡潔化、嵌入式化、高性價比等目標提出了解決方案。設計基于FPGA的圖像采集系統驗證其在汽車卡簧全自動檢測儀中應用的可行性。并對此方法中的關鍵技術進行了介紹,為進一步使其應用與汽車卡簧自動檢測儀奠定了基礎。
[Abstract]:A type of fastener for mounting in a shaft slot or a hole groove to prevent the axial movement of parts on the shaft or hole. As a kind of basic mechanical parts with large quantity and wide range, it covers almost every field of national economy. Due to the use of the environment, occasions, different functions, the shape and size of the spring vary greatly, variety is complicated. The automobile card spring applied in automobile field is a fine industrial product with large output and need to be examined piece by piece. The key parameters, such as inner diameter and opening size, have an important effect on the fastening effect of bearing parts on the same axis. However, at present, manual testing is still the main. The method of manual detection has some problems, such as low precision and low efficiency, which does not match the height of rapid processing of clip spring. In addition due to the demand of one-to-one assembly the manual implementation of packing counting not only has a certain degree of adverse effects on the visual acuity of operators but also will introduce a great human error. To sum up, an automatic testing equipment is urgently needed to fill the gap in this respect. This subject comes from the automatic detection and sorting machine project of car card spring commissioned by the Great Wall automobile designated supplier. The purpose of this paper is to develop an automatic equipment which can be used in industrial field to evaluate the key dimensions of clip spring and ensure the quality. Although no institute has tried to do this before, reference to the team and some successful precedents that have been used in the industrial field has a lot of inspiration. In this context, the main work of this paper is as follows: 1. A new type of automatic detecting and sorting instrument for automobile card spring has been developed, and the overall scheme has been determined. A separation system is proposed, which consists of four parts: feeding link, testing link, transmission link and sorting link. The feeding part is designed as three electromagnetic vibration feeders, one is a storage device, the other is a circular vibrating feeder and a linear vibrating feeder, which in series constitutes a three-stage relay feed, which solves the problems of clasp spring storage, sequencing, hook hanging and feeding. For the small size thin car clip spring which has some special geometric characteristics, the key geometric dimensions, such as inner diameter, opening size and ring width, are discussed. The detection scheme of two-dimensional digital image algorithm based on optical lens and single camera is proposed. In the transmission mechanism, this paper presents a kind of multi-station workbench with original novelty and generality. With special pneumatic drive system, the design requirements including detection accuracy, efficiency and multi-specification are well solved. The characteristics of workpiece response of high speed jet flow are analyzed experimentally, and its application in sorting device is summarized. Complete the design of the control system of the sorter. The system complexity is greatly reduced by optimizing the control mode of the control object in the design of mechanical structure and drive mode. So the data acquisition card is used as the communication interface between the industrial control computer and the executive component. The interface drive circuit is designed to solve the problem of the driving ability of the data acquisition card. Designed electrical control panel to provide a variety of electrical components required by the environment. 3. The precision evaluation experiment and the comprehensive parameter evaluation experiment are carried out to evaluate the indexes of the system. Based on the experimental data, various factors affecting the measurement accuracy are analyzed. The research of digital image acquisition system based on FPGA technology is carried out. In order to accelerate the succinct, embedded and high cost performance of image algorithm and subsequent sorting equipment, a solution is proposed. An image acquisition system based on FPGA is designed to verify the feasibility of its application in auto card spring automatic detector. The key technology of this method is introduced, which lays a foundation for its further application and automatic detecting instrument of automobile spring.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U468.2;TP391.41

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