本文選題：USLE + SWAT　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤侵蝕作為一種非點(diǎn)源污染,其流失土壤中所含養(yǎng)分進(jìn)入水體,將會(huì)增加水體富營養(yǎng)化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因此引起了社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注。近年來,隨著遙感(RS)、地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)和全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展和土壤侵蝕機(jī)理研究的不斷深入,使用RS和GIS技術(shù)和土壤侵蝕評(píng)價(jià)模型相結(jié)合來精確評(píng)價(jià)土壤侵蝕的方法越來越受到人們的重視。在云南九大高原湖泊中,以滇池、星云湖為代表的高原湖泊成為我國湖泊受人類干擾程度最大、湖泊水質(zhì)下降最為嚴(yán)重、富營養(yǎng)化問題最突出的地區(qū)之一。星云湖是江川縣工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展重要的水資源供應(yīng)源,對(duì)星云湖流域生態(tài)環(huán)境以及經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起著關(guān)鍵的作用,星云湖的水質(zhì)每況愈下,影響著該區(qū)域的生態(tài)完整性和經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文以星云湖流域作為研究對(duì)象,基于流域的土地利用、植被、土壤、地形、氣象、水文等基礎(chǔ)空間和屬性數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用GIS技術(shù),通過結(jié)合USLE模型模擬流域土壤侵蝕狀況及其分布狀況;同時(shí),結(jié)合SWAT模型,模擬了星云湖流域徑流量和非點(diǎn)源氮磷負(fù)荷量。主要結(jié)論如下:1.分析了星云湖流域多年的土壤侵蝕狀況及其空間分布。星云湖流域2014年土壤侵蝕總面積為221.09km2,平均侵蝕模數(shù)為34.07t/km2.a 土壤侵蝕主要以中度及中度侵蝕以下為主,占總侵蝕面積的96.67%,強(qiáng)烈侵蝕較少,主要分布在流域北部。2.獲取了星云湖流域多年徑流量和非點(diǎn)源氮磷負(fù)荷量。模型率定期(2012-2013年)和驗(yàn)證期(2014年)的模擬月徑流量與實(shí)測(cè)月徑流量的線性回歸方程的決定系數(shù)(R2)分別為0.87、0.88;非點(diǎn)源氮磷的率定期和驗(yàn)證期的R2分別為0.89、0.83。模擬效果較好,適用于星云湖流域的徑流量和非點(diǎn)源氮磷的模擬。3.利用GIS技術(shù),揭示了星云湖流域土壤侵蝕和面源污染與主要土壤侵蝕因子的關(guān)系。(1)在不同的坡度上,土壤侵蝕主要發(fā)生在15°～35°之間,強(qiáng)烈侵蝕主要發(fā)生在35°以上;(2)不同的土地利用類型之間的土壤侵蝕狀況有較大差別。其中,林地侵蝕面積最大,但大都是中度及以下侵蝕。(3)非點(diǎn)源污染主要集中在第四子流域,主要原因是該子流域徑流量最大,且農(nóng)用地面積最大。
[Abstract]:As a kind of non-point source pollution, soil erosion will increase the risk of eutrophication because of its loss of nutrients from the soil into the water body, which has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life.In recent years, with the rapid development of remote sensing (RS), GIS (Geographic Information system) (GIS) and GPS (Global Positioning system) technology and the deepening of soil erosion mechanism research,More and more attention has been paid to the method of accurately evaluating soil erosion by using RS and GIS technology and soil erosion evaluation model.Among the nine major plateau lakes in Yunnan, Dianchi Lake and Xingyun Lake have become one of the most serious areas where the lake is disturbed by human beings, the water quality of the lake is most serious, and the eutrophication problem is the most prominent.Xingyun Lake is an important source of water resources for the development of industry and agriculture in Jiangchuan County. It plays a key role in the ecological environment and economic development of Xingyun Lake basin, and the water quality of Xingyun Lake is getting worse and worse.Affect the ecological integrity of the region and the sustainable development of the economy.Based on the basic spatial and attribute data of land use, vegetation, soil, topography, meteorology, hydrology and so on, this paper takes Xingyun Lake Basin as the research object, and applies GIS technology.The soil erosion and its distribution were simulated by combining with USLE model, and the runoff and non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus load were simulated by combining with SWAT model.The main conclusions are as follows: 1.The soil erosion and its spatial distribution in Xingyun Lake basin for many years were analyzed.The total area of soil erosion in Xingyun Lake Basin in 2014 was 221.09km2. The average erosion modulus of 34.07t/km2.a was mainly below moderate and moderate erosion, which accounted for 96.677cm of the total erosion area, and the strong erosion was less, mainly distributed in the northern part of the basin.The runoff and non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus load in Xingyun Lake Basin were obtained.The determinant coefficient of the linear regression equation of simulated monthly runoff and measured monthly runoff is 0.87 ~ 0.88 for the model rate (2012-2013) and R _ 2 for verification period (2014), respectively, and R ~ (2) for non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus rate periodic and validation period is 0.89 ~ 0.83, respectively.The simulation effect is good, which is suitable for the simulation of runoff and non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus in Xingyun Lake basin.Using GIS technique, the relationship between soil erosion and non-point source pollution and main soil erosion factors in Xingyun Lake basin was revealed. In different slopes, soil erosion mainly occurred in the range of 15 擄to 35 擄.Strong erosion occurred mainly in the area above 35 擄, and there was a great difference in soil erosion among different land use types.Among them, the area of forest land erosion is the largest, but most of the erosion is moderate or below. The non-point source pollution is mainly concentrated in the fourth sub-basin, the main reason is that the runoff of the subbasin is the largest, and the area of agricultural land is the largest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157;P208

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