發(fā)布時間：2019-07-09 05:57

【摘要】：為了改善冀中南地區(qū)多年連作棉田的土壤環(huán)境,分析棉花-小麥-玉米兩年三熟輪作種植制度對土壤速效養(yǎng)分和真菌多樣性的影響。依托河北省南宮市棉花原種場試驗點,采用定期采集土壤樣品,測定土壤中的有效磷、速效鉀、全氮含量及提取各樣品中的總DNA,借助Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量測序平臺,研究不同種植模式對土壤真菌的群落結構、豐度等的影響,分析養(yǎng)分變化和群落變化的相關性。結果表明:輪作模式土壤速效磷、全氮殘留含量比連作棉田顯著增加,而土壤速效鉀則差異不明顯。輪作模式和連作模式土壤中的分類單元(Operational taxonomic units,OTU)個數(shù)分別為783,750個,真菌多樣性表現(xiàn)為輪作模式土壤㧐連作模式土壤。通過聚類分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同種植模式下的土壤樣品被完全區(qū)分且菌群的差異性顯著,輪作模式土壤較連作模式土壤中的散囊菌目(Eurotiales)、傘菌科(Agaricaceae)顯著減少,而糞殼菌目(Sordariales)顯著增加。此外通過綜合比較發(fā)現(xiàn),不同作物對土壤中營養(yǎng)元素的吸收和利用存在偏好性,可以利用輪作方式改變連作棉田的化肥使用方式,減少化肥的使用量,提高使用效率,為茬口銜接節(jié)肥技術的實施提供了依據(jù);同時輪作能夠減少土壤中包含許多腐生和寄生有害真菌的散囊菌目菌群種類和數(shù)量,增加了大多腐生于富含有機質的土壤和植物殘體上的糞殼菌群。由此可以初步認為,對冀中南連作棉田進行輪作,能夠提高肥效,優(yōu)化土壤的菌群結構,從而改善棉田土壤結構,為提高棉田的產量奠定基礎。
文內圖片：
圖片說明：不同種植模式下土樣中微生物門水平的組成
[Abstract]:In order to improve the soil environment of continuous cropping cotton field in central and southern Hebei, the effects of two-year three-cropping rotation system of cotton, wheat and corn on soil available nutrients and fungal diversity were analyzed. Based on the experimental site of cotton original seed farm in Nangong City, Hebei Province, soil samples were collected regularly to determine available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen content and total DNA, extracted from each sample. With the help of Illumina Hi Seq 2500 high throughput sequencing platform, the effects of different planting patterns on the community structure and abundance of soil fungi were studied, and the correlation between nutrient changes and community changes was analyzed. The results showed that the content of available phosphorus and total nitrogen in rotation model soil was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping cotton field, but there was no significant difference in soil available potassium. The number of taxa (Operational taxonomic units,OTU in rotation model soil and continuous cropping model soil was 783750, and the fungal diversity was in rotation model soil. Continuous cropping model soil. Through cluster analysis, it was found that the soil samples under different planting patterns were completely distinguished and the differences of flora were significant. The (Agaricaceae) of (Eurotiales), Umbelaceae in rotation model soil was significantly lower than that in continuous cropping model soil, while the (Sordariales) of Chlamyces faecalis was significantly increased. In addition, through comprehensive comparison, it is found that the absorption and utilization of nutrient elements in soil by different crops is preferred, which can be used to change the use mode of chemical fertilizer in continuous cropping cotton field, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, improve the use efficiency, and provide the basis for the implementation of stubble and fertilizer saving technology. At the same time, rotation can reduce the species and quantity of ascomycetes which contain many saprophytic and parasitic harmful fungi in soil, and increase the fecal shell bacteria which are mostly saprophytic in soil and plant residues rich in organic matter. It can be preliminarily considered that rotation of continuous cropping cotton field in central and southern Hebei can improve fertilizer efficiency and optimize soil flora structure, so as to improve soil structure and lay a foundation for increasing yield of cotton field.
【作者單位】： 河北省農林科學院棉花研究所農業(yè)部黃淮海半干旱區(qū)棉花生物學與遺傳育種重點實驗室國家棉花改良中心河北分中心
【基金】：河北省渤海糧倉科技示范工程 河北省科技計劃項目(16227205D)
【分類號】：S154.3;S158

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