持久性有機污染物的森林過濾效應研究
[Abstract]:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of organic compounds that are semi-volatile, difficult to degrade and have very strong lipophilicity. Most of these compounds are produced and discharged to the natural environment by human activities, and long-distance migration in the atmosphere can lead to global pollution. In the context of primary POPs reduction and current global climate change, it is helpful to understand and master the law of secondary pollution of POPs and help to understand the current situation and trend of POPs global distribution more objectively. The "global distillation model" has been regarded as the most classic POPs model, but in recent years it has been questioned that the sound of the model is increasing, and the circulation, degradation and biological migration of the monsoon and the atmosphere are important factors that affect the fate of the POPs. The "forest filtering effect" of POPs has been widely accepted, but the current research is not much relevant. The effect of global forest on the fixed function of POPs and the global transmission of POPs is only a model simulation study, and there is a lack of the actual study in the forest area. Based on the possibility of long-distance transmission of POPs and the availability of large-area forest, the forest in the southeast is the natural laboratory for studying the filtering effect of POPs. Therefore, the research work first selected the comparative study of the "condensation trapping effect" and the "forest filtering effect" in the uninhabited area of the east slope of the Gongga Mountain in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. By comparing the pollution level, composition and spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in different environmental media, the contribution of two effects to the high mountain enrichment of PCBs was obtained by statistical analysis of environmental parameters (temperature, rainfall and soil organic carbon). The results show that the composition and distribution of PCBs in the Dongpo soil of Gongga Mountain are mainly influenced by the atmospheric transmission and the organic carbon of the forest, and the contribution rate of soil organic carbon to the change of the concentration of the soil PCBs is 75%, which is not in conformity with the "global distillation model" of the high-altitude enrichment caused by the temperature control. The effect of the "forest filtering effect" on the enrichment of the PCBs in the mountainous region is larger than that of the mountain "condensation trapping effect", and the average contribution rate of the two effects is 65% and 35%, respectively. The effect of forest filtration on different categories of POPs may be different. The second part of the thesis is to study the distribution of the halogen-based flame retardant (HFRs) in the east slope of the Gongga Mountain. The possible sources of the HFRs are determined by the molecular composition ratio and the air mass, and the influence factors of the spatial distribution of the HFRs are also analyzed. The results show that the low-volatility BDE209 and the novel brominated flame retardant (NBFRs) decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE),2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzene (TBB), 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (TBE) and chlorine-based flame retardant (DP) can be detected in the forest soil in the east slope of the Gongga Mountain. The concentration of the DBDPE in the atmosphere and the soil reaches 171 pg/ m3 and 1450 pg/ g dry weight, respectively, is the highest relative content, and the specific gravity of the NBFRs in the HFRs is therefore the highest. The concentration of HFRs decreased as a whole along the altitude gradient, and the migration ability of BDE47, BDE99 and BDE209 in the mountain environment was BDE47BDE99BDE209 in order from high to low, and the concentration of DBDPE was large along the altitude gradient, and the environmental stability of BDE47, BDE99 and BDE209 was relatively poor. The HFRs of the forest soil are mainly enriched in the O-layer with high organic matter content. The highest in the C-layer of the high-alpine meadow soil, it is possible to carry the HFRs from the top of the mountain to the mountain-foot migration from the top of the mountain. The altitude distribution of the HFRs is mainly influenced by the atmospheric transmission and the near-far of the human activity, and the correlation between the ambient temperature and the organic matter of the soil is poor. The intensity of the forest filtration effect is closely related to the vegetation cover type and the soil organic carbon content. However, under the dual pressure of global climate change and human activity, the type of land use/ cover changes rapidly in terms of time and space, thus dramatically changing the surface coverage and soil organic carbon reserves. In the country with the largest plantation area, the change of natural forest in the tropics to the plantation is serious, and the loss of soil carbon due to the decline of soil fertility can lead to the secondary migration of the "old" POPs. Therefore, the third part of the thesis is to select the comparative study of the soil-enriched POPs of natural forest and plantation in the Lanyang State-owned Forest Farm in Lanzhou, Hainan, China. The pollution level, composition and spatial distribution of POPs in different forest types (natural forest, rubber forest, eucalyptus forest) and forest age (5-year-old rubber,15-year-old rubber and 25-year-old rubber) were investigated, and the statistical analysis of soil physical and chemical properties (pH, soil organic carbon, carbon-nitrogen ratio) was combined. The effects of the planting of eucalyptus and rubber tree on the environment of the POPs were clarified. The results showed that the retention capacity of the tropical natural forest on the POPs was significantly higher than that of the tropical forest, and the retention capacity of the rubber forest to the POPs was increased with the increase of the rubber forest. Based on the correlation analysis and the analysis of the interface balance, the effect of soil organic carbon on the distribution of POPs is emphasized, and it is pointed out that the percolation intensity of the PPs in the soil is larger than that of the natural forest. These new understandings have contributed to a more objective understanding of the current status and trend of the global distribution of POPs.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學院研究生院(廣州地球化學研究所)
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:X173;X592
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