【摘要】：采用大田筒栽試驗(yàn),設(shè)置4個(gè)施磷(P2O5)水平:CK(不施磷)、P4(60 kg·hm~(-2))、P8(120 kg·hm~(-2))、P12(180 kg·hm~(-2)),研究了重度鹽堿地施磷對(duì)食葵葉片保護(hù)酶活性、植株干物質(zhì)積累、磷吸收以及施磷后土壤微生物區(qū)系變化特征的影響。結(jié)果表明:增施磷顯著提高了食葵葉片保護(hù)酶活性,食葵葉片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)與過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性在施磷達(dá)到P4水平即顯著提高,且達(dá)到P12水平又出現(xiàn)顯著增加;而過氧化物酶(POD)活性在施磷量達(dá)到P12水平才顯著增加。葉片丙二醛(MDA)含量與SOD活性保持相對(duì)同步,在施磷量P4、P8水平并沒有顯著降低,直至達(dá)P12水平才顯著下降,比CK降低31.40%。食葵葉片、籽粒、根干重及根冠比在施磷量達(dá)到P12水平時(shí)也顯著高于其他處理。食葵籽粒、根系磷積累量均隨著施磷量增加顯著提高,且各施磷處理食葵地上部、根系含磷量也均顯著高于CK,但P12與P8處理差異不顯著,另外施磷有利于食葵吸收的磷素由根系向地上部轉(zhuǎn)移運(yùn)輸。增施磷通過調(diào)控根系生長以及改善微環(huán)境顯著增加了土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌等可培養(yǎng)微生物數(shù)量,且以P12處理增加最多。食葵盛花期和成熟期也均以P12處理優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群種類最豐富,其中盛花期P12處理有數(shù)量較多的節(jié)桿菌屬(Arthrobacter),在食葵收獲后則含有考克氏菌屬(Kocuria)、葡萄球菌屬(Staphylococcus)和噬幾丁質(zhì)菌屬(Chitinophaga)。綜合比較來看,河套灌區(qū)重度鹽堿地施磷180 kg·hm~(-2)可以顯著增加食葵葉片保護(hù)酶活性,促進(jìn)食葵生長及磷吸收積累,提高食葵抗性,同時(shí)有利于土壤微生物多樣性增加。
[Abstract]:Four levels of phosphorus application (P2O5) without phosphorus were set up in field tube planting experiment, P4 (60 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P8) (120 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P12 (180 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P4 (60 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P12 (180 kg 路hm ~ (- 2),). The effects of phosphorus application on leaf protective enzyme activity, plant dry matter accumulation, phosphorus absorption and soil microbial flora changes after phosphorus application in severe saline-alkali soil were studied. The results showed that phosphorus application significantly increased the protective enzyme activity of sunflower leaves, and the activities of (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in sunflower leaves increased significantly when phosphorus application reached P4 level, and reached P12 level. However, the activity of peroxidase (POD) increased significantly when the amount of phosphorus applied reached the level of P12. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (MDA) in leaves was relatively synchronous with the activity of SOD. At the application rate of P 4, the level of P8 did not decrease significantly until it reached the level of P12, which was 31.40% lower than that of CK. The leaf, grain, root dry weight and root-shoot ratio of sunflower were also significantly higher than those of other treatments when the amount of phosphorus applied reached P12 level. The phosphorus accumulation in root of sunflower grain and root increased significantly with the increase of phosphorus application rate, and the root phosphorus content of each phosphorus application treatment was also significantly higher than that of CK, but there was no significant difference between P12 and P8 treatments. In addition, phosphorus application is beneficial to the transfer and transportation of phosphorus absorbed by sunflower from root to shoot. Phosphorus application significantly increased the number of culturable microorganisms such as soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi by regulating root growth and improving microenvironment, and P12 treatment increased the most. The dominant flora species of P12 treatment were also the most abundant in the flowering and mature stages of sunflower. Among them, P12 treatment had a large number of Arthrobacter (Arthrobacter), which contained (Kocuria), after sunflower harvest. Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus) and chitinophagia (Chitinophaga). According to the comprehensive comparison, the application of phosphorus 180 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) in severe saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation area could significantly increase the activity of protective enzyme in the leaves of sunflower, promote the growth, phosphorus absorption and accumulation of sunflower, and improve the resistance of sunflower to eating sunflower. At the same time, it is beneficial to the increase of soil microbial diversity.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所;北京理工大學(xué)生命學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31471455,31000692) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(201303130) 北京市自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(5152017)~~
【分類號(hào)】：S565.5;S154.3

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