【摘要】：再生季水、肥管理措施是再生稻尤其是機收中低留樁再生稻獲得高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的一項關(guān)鍵措施,明確再生季合理的水肥運籌對提高機收中低留樁再生稻低節(jié)位再生芽的萌發(fā)成穗具有重要意義。本文以雜交秈稻瀘優(yōu)明占為材料,通過設(shè)置再生季分蘗期3個不同水肥處理盆栽試驗,即淹水灌溉不施用促苗肥(S處理)、干濕交替灌溉不施用促苗肥(G處理)和干濕交替灌溉施用促苗肥(GN處理),研究不同水肥運籌對再生季稻腋芽、產(chǎn)量、根際土壤酶活性及微生物功能多樣性的影響。結(jié)果表明,再生季稻不同水肥處理對根際氧化還原電位和根際土壤酶有顯著影響,處理后10 d,與S處理相比,G處理可以顯著提高根際土壤的氧化還原電位和根際土壤多酚氧化酶、過氧化物酶、磷酸單酯酶、過氧化氫酶活性,與G處理相比,GN處理可顯著提高根際土壤多酚氧化酶、過氧化物酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸單酯酶、過氧化氫酶活性。不同水肥調(diào)控下再生季稻根際土壤微生物對碳源的利用程度和碳源代謝的多樣性差異顯著,處理后10 d,GN處理和G處理根際微生物對6類碳源的利用程度顯著高于S處理,GN處理根際土壤微生物對氨基酸、酚酸、羧酸類碳源的利用程度顯著高于G處理。GN處理和G處理的根系傷流量分別比S處理的提高27.27%和14.84%,再生季分蘗數(shù)和產(chǎn)量分別比S處理的提高102.50%~111.11%、42.50%~44.44%和91.41%~108.72%、37.93%~40.94%。由此可見,再生季采用干濕交替灌溉或施用促苗肥均可提高根際土壤酶活性,促進再生季稻根際土壤微生物對碳源的利用程度和代謝多樣性,從而有利于根際土壤有機質(zhì)的氧化和腐殖質(zhì)的形成及增加根際土壤中養(yǎng)分的有效性,促進再生季新根的形成和腋芽的萌發(fā)。采用干濕交替灌溉耦合促苗肥對再生季稻的促控效果是最佳的。
[Abstract]:The management measures of regeneration season water and fertilizer are one of the key measures to obtain high and stable yield of regenerated rice, especially the reclaimed rice with low and low pile retention in mechanically harvested rice. It is of great significance to make clear the rational water and fertilizer operation in regeneration season for improving the sprouting and panicle formation of regenerated rice with low node position and low post in mechanical harvest. In this paper, the pot experiment of three different water fertilizer treatments at tillering stage in regeneration season of indica rice Luyou Mingzha was carried out, that is, no seedling-promoting fertilizer (S treatment) was applied in flooded irrigation, and no seedling-promoting fertilizer (S treatment) was used in this experiment. The effects of different water and fertilizer application on axillary bud, yield, soil enzyme activity and microbial functional diversity of regenerated season rice were studied under dry-wet alternative irrigation without seedling-promoting fertilizer (G) and dry-wet alternative irrigation with seedling-promoting fertilizer (GN). The results showed that the redox potential of rhizosphere and soil enzymes in rhizosphere were significantly affected by different water and fertilizer treatments in regenerated season rice. After 10 days of treatment, compared with S treatment, the redox potential in rhizosphere and soil enzymes in rhizosphere were significantly affected. G treatment could significantly increase the redox potential of rhizosphere soil and the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phosphomonoesterase and catalase in rhizosphere soil. Compared with G treatment, GN treatment could significantly increase the activity of polyphenol oxidase in rhizosphere soil. Peroxidase, urease, sucrase, phosphomonoesterase, catalase activity. There were significant differences in the utilization of carbon source and the diversity of carbon source metabolism in rhizosphere soil of regenerated season rice under different water and fertilizer control. At the 10th day after treatment, the utilization of 6 kinds of carbon source by rhizosphere microorganisms in GN and G treatments was significantly higher than that in S treatment. The utilization of amino acid, phenolic acid and carboxylic acid carbon source in rhizosphere soil microbe treated with GN was significantly higher than that in G treatment, and the root injury flux of GN treatment and G treatment was 27.27% and 14.84% higher than that of S treatment, respectively. The tillering number and yield in regeneration season were increased by 102.50%, 42.50%, 44.44% and 91.41%, 37.93% and 40.94%, respectively. The results showed that dry-wet alternate irrigation or seedling-promoting fertilizer could increase the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil and promote the utilization of carbon source and metabolic diversity of soil microorganisms in rhizosphere of regenerated season rice. It is beneficial to the oxidation of organic matter and the formation of humus in rhizosphere soil, increase the availability of nutrients in rhizosphere soil, promote the formation of new roots in regeneration season and the germination of axillary buds. The effect of dry-wet alternate irrigation coupled with seedling-promoting fertilizer on rice regeneration was the best.
【作者單位】： 福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院/福建省農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)過程與安全監(jiān)控重點實驗室;福建省南平市建陽區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)局;福建省農(nóng)業(yè)廳種植業(yè)技術(shù)推廣總站;重慶市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0300508) 福建省高校青年自然基金重點項目(JZ160435) 福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新專項基金項目(CXZX2016076,CXZX2016077)資助~~
【分類號】：S154;S511.21

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