發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-20 19:07

【摘要】：針對(duì)現(xiàn)有鹽堿土改良措施工程量大,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本高等問題,提出打孔灌沙的鹽堿土防治措施。該文以天津?yàn)I海鹽堿土為研究對(duì)象,通過野外小區(qū)灌溉試驗(yàn),研究在灌溉條件下打孔灌沙對(duì)鹽堿土水鹽運(yùn)移規(guī)律的影響,旨在探索打孔灌沙減少鹽堿地表層積鹽的可行性。試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)3種灌溉量(600、900和1 200 m~3/hm~2),3種打孔深度(5、10和15 cm)和3種打孔密度(30、60和90孔/m2),并以無打孔灌沙處理為對(duì)照組(CK)。結(jié)果表明:灌溉量影響鹽堿土洗鹽效果,在600~1 200 m~3/hm~2灌溉量處理下,灌溉量越大,表層土壤脫鹽效果越好。同時(shí),打孔灌沙能夠促進(jìn)水分下滲,提高脫鹽效果,在1 200 m~3/hm~2灌溉量下,灌后25 d,打孔深度≥10 cm時(shí)較CK降低表層0~30 cm土壤水分8.7%~16.1%,提高脫鹽總量50.7%~98.8%。打孔密度增加能夠促進(jìn)脫鹽效果,但隨打孔深度而不同。打孔深度≤10 cm時(shí),30和60孔/m~2打孔密度處理間脫鹽總量差異不顯著(P0.05)。打孔深度為15 cm時(shí),60和90孔/m~2打孔密度處理間脫鹽總量差異不顯著(P0.05)�？紤]到過深的打孔深度處理會(huì)降低打孔灌沙效率、提高配套打孔灌沙機(jī)具的研發(fā)難度,結(jié)合試驗(yàn)區(qū)農(nóng)藝規(guī)范,推薦10 cm打孔深度、30孔/m~2打孔密度作為合適的打孔灌沙處理方案,該研究可為濱海區(qū)鹽堿土的開發(fā)利用提供新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems such as large amount of engineering and high cost of agricultural production, the control measures of saline-alkali soil for drilling and filling sand are put forward in this paper. This paper takes Tianjin coastal saline-alkali soil as the research object, and studies the influence of hole irrigation sand on the water-salt transport rule of saline-alkali soil under irrigation condition through the field irrigation experiment, in order to explore the feasibility of reducing salt accumulation in the surface layer of saline-alkali land by drilling and filling sand. Three irrigation amounts (600900 and 1,200 m~3/hm~2), three drilling depths (5, 10 and 15 cm) and three drilling densities (30, 60 and 90 holes / m2) were designed. The control group, (CK)., was treated with non-perforated sand. The results showed that the amount of irrigation affected the effect of salt washing in saline-alkali soil. The higher the irrigation amount was, the better the desalination effect of topsoil was when the irrigation amount was 600 ~ 1 200 m~3/hm~2. At the same time, drilling and sand irrigation could promote water infiltration and improve desalination effect. Under 1 200 m~3/hm~2 irrigation amount and 25 days after irrigation, the soil moisture decreased 8.7% and 16.1% when the drilling depth was more than 10 cm than that of CK at 0 / 30 cm, and the soil water content decreased by 8.7% and 16.1% respectively at 1 200 CK irrigation volume, 25 days after irrigation. The total amount of desalination was increased by 50.7% and 98.8% respectively. The increase of drilling density can promote the desalination effect, but it varies with the drilling depth. When the drilling depth was less than 10 cm, there was no significant difference in total desalination between 30 and 60 holes / m 路m ~ (2) hole density treatment (P0.05). When the drilling depth was 15 cm, there was no significant difference in total desalination between 60 and 90 holes / m 路m ~ 2 hole density treatment (P0.05). Considering that too deep drilling depth treatment will reduce the efficiency of drilling and sand filling, and improve the difficulty of research and development of supporting punching and sand filling machines, combined with the agronomic specifications of the experimental area, 10 cm drilling depth is recommended, The drilling density of 30 holes / m 路m ~ (2) is a suitable treatment scheme for drilling and sand filling. This study can provide a new idea and method for the development and utilization of saline-alkali soil in coastal area.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(IRT13039) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201503136)
【分類號(hào)】：S156.4

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