【摘要】：利用室內(nèi)人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn),研究了4種設(shè)計(jì)雨強(qiáng)(33,54,94,125mm/h)、3種設(shè)計(jì)坡度(5°,10°,25°)在覆蓋條件下對(duì)紫色土坡面初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間、覆蓋保水率和保沙率的影響。結(jié)果表明:覆蓋條件下初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間相比裸地均有一定的滯后效果,且其初始產(chǎn)流的滯后時(shí)間隨坡度、雨強(qiáng)的增加而減少。當(dāng)坡度增大至25°,雨強(qiáng)在94mm/h以上時(shí),其滯后時(shí)間逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定,在1.61~2.84min范圍內(nèi)波動(dòng)。雨強(qiáng)是影響秸稈覆蓋保持水土作用的重要因子,與覆蓋保水率、保沙率均在0.01水平上呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),且在不同坡度條件下均可以用拋物線進(jìn)行很好的描述。不同坡度條件下,覆蓋的保水率隨雨強(qiáng)的增加逐漸下降至14.5%,而其保沙率則只下降至92.25%,相比覆蓋的保水作用,其保沙作用更加明顯。覆蓋條件下,坡度對(duì)坡面產(chǎn)流及產(chǎn)沙的貢獻(xiàn)率均大于50%,坡度對(duì)秸稈覆蓋保持水土的作用影響很大。坡度對(duì)坡面侵蝕的貢獻(xiàn)率在裸地和覆蓋條件下均隨雨強(qiáng)的增加而呈現(xiàn)減小的趨勢(shì),且在相同雨強(qiáng)下,坡度的貢獻(xiàn)率在覆蓋條件下均大于裸地,在大雨強(qiáng)下(94mm/h和125mm/h)差異明顯。
[Abstract]:The effects of four designed rainfall intensities (33, 54, 94125 mm / h) and three designed slopes (5 擄, 10 擄, 25 擄) on the initial yield time, water retention rate and sediment retention rate of purple soil slope under mulching conditions were studied using artificial simulated rainfall experiments in laboratory. The results show that the initial runoff production time under the condition of mulching has a certain lag effect compared with the bare soil, and the lag time of the initial runoff production decreases with the increase of slope and rain intensity. When the slope increases to 25 擄and the rain intensity is above 94mm/h, the lag time tends to stabilize gradually and fluctuates in the range of 1.61~2.84min. Rain intensity is an important factor affecting soil and water conservation by straw mulching, which is negatively correlated with water retention rate and sediment retention rate at 0.01 level, and can be described by parabola under different slope conditions. Under different slope conditions, the water retention rate of mulching decreased to 14.5% with the increase of rain intensity, while the sand retention rate only decreased to 92.25%, which was more obvious than that of mulching. Under the condition of mulching, the contribution rate of slope to runoff yield and sediment yield was more than 50%, and the slope had a great effect on soil and water conservation by straw mulching. The contribution rate of slope to slope erosion decreases with the increase of rain intensity under both bare land and cover conditions, and under the same rainfall intensity, the contribution rate of slope to slope erosion is larger than that of bare land under the same rainfall intensity, and the contribution rate of slope to slope erosion is higher than that of bare land under the same rainfall intensity. The difference was obvious in heavy rain (94mm/h and 125mm/h).
【作者單位】： 四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)林學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家“十二五”科技支撐計(jì)劃重大項(xiàng)目“長(zhǎng)江上游低山丘陵區(qū)生態(tài)綜合整治技術(shù)與示范”(2011BAC09B05) 四川省高校水土保持與荒漠化防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)項(xiàng)目 四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)研究生社會(huì)實(shí)踐和科技服務(wù)團(tuán)項(xiàng)目
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1

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