【摘要】：2013~2015年在寧夏灌區(qū)春玉米-水稻-春玉米輪作體系下,采用田間定位試驗(yàn)研究了0(S0)、2.25(S1)、3.75(S2)、5.25(S3)和6.75 t hm-2(S4)5個(gè)秸稈還田量對(duì)作物產(chǎn)量和土壤肥力的影響。結(jié)果表明,秸稈還田量對(duì)前兩年作物產(chǎn)量無(wú)明顯影響,持續(xù)還田3年才有顯著的增產(chǎn)效果,S3處理最佳。秸稈還田降低了耕層土壤容重,其隨著還田量增加呈顯著降低趨勢(shì)。秸稈還田量對(duì)2014年水稻種植前土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮和速效鉀含量有顯著影響,而對(duì)其它不同時(shí)期土壤堿解氮、有效磷含量影響不大。秸稈還田對(duì)年際間土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)提升并不呈疊加效應(yīng),且土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量也不隨秸稈還田量增加而同步增加,通常在S2或S3處理下最高。水稻季秸稈還田有利于土壤C/N比調(diào)節(jié)。各季作物產(chǎn)量與秸稈還田量都服從二次曲線關(guān)系(R2=0.602~0.880)。因此,在寧夏灌區(qū)年際間水旱輪作體系中,合理的秸稈還田量應(yīng)控制在3.75~5.25 t hm-2之間,以達(dá)到作物增產(chǎn)和土壤培肥的雙重目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:In the spring corn-rice-spring maize rotation system of Ningxia irrigation district from 2013 to 2015, the field location experiment was conducted to study 0 (S0), 2.25 (S1), 3.75 (S2). Effect of 5. 25 (S3) and 6. 75 t hm-2 (S4) on crop yield and soil fertility. The results showed that the amount of straw returning to the field had no obvious effect on crop yield in the previous two years, but only after 3 years of continuous return did the yield increase significantly, and S3 treatment was the best. Straw returning to the field reduced the bulk density of the topsoil, which decreased significantly with the increase of the returning amount. The amount of straw returning to the field had a significant effect on the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium before rice planting in 2014, but had little effect on the content of available phosphorus in other periods of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. There was no superposition effect of straw returning to soil organic matter during the interannual period, and the content of soil organic matter did not increase synchronously with the increase of straw return amount, which was usually the highest in S2 or S3 treatments. The return of rice straw to the field was beneficial to the regulation of soil C / N ratio. The relationship between crop yield and the amount of straw returning to the field was obtained from the quadratic curve (R _ 2O _ (0.602) ~ (0.880). Therefore, in the interannual rotation system of paddy and drought in Ningxia irrigation area, the reasonable amount of straw returning should be controlled between 3.75 and 5.25 t hm-2, in order to achieve the double goals of increasing crop yield and soil fertility.
【作者單位】： 青銅峽市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心;寧夏農(nóng)林科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41401319) 農(nóng)業(yè)部“耕地質(zhì)量保護(hù)與提升項(xiàng)目”專項(xiàng)資金 寧夏農(nóng)林科學(xué)院“十三五”重點(diǎn)科技課題(NKYZ-16-0904)資助
【分類號(hào)】：S158;S511;S513

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