【摘要】：采集洛寧煙區(qū)13個植煙鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的土壤樣品,分析土壤養(yǎng)分狀況,以洛寧煙區(qū)有代表性的東宋鄉(xiāng)聶墳村為試驗(yàn)點(diǎn),采用大田試驗(yàn)的方法,研究腐殖酸、土壤調(diào)理劑、聚丙烯酰胺三種土壤改良劑對植煙土壤水分狀況、養(yǎng)分狀況、煙株生長特性及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響,篩選出適合洛寧縣植煙土壤的土壤改良劑,主要研究結(jié)論如下:洛寧煙區(qū)有75%的土壤p H值偏高(p H7.0),近10%的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量偏低,14%土壤速效氮含量偏高或極高,70%土壤速效磷含量偏低,40%土壤速效鉀含量偏低。在土壤改良方面應(yīng)注意采取措施降低p H值,增施磷、鉀肥,在部分地塊控制氮肥用量。土壤調(diào)理劑和腐殖酸能有效提高土壤含水量,且隨著施用量增加,土壤含水量增加。土壤調(diào)理劑的保水效果最好,腐殖酸次之,聚丙烯酰胺最差。三種改良劑對土壤養(yǎng)分狀況都有影響,其中施用土壤調(diào)理劑顯著提高了土壤速效鉀含量,施用腐殖酸可以顯著提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效磷和速效氮含量且以腐植酸用量450kg/hm2的改良效果較好。三種改良劑均影響煙田土壤養(yǎng)分的動態(tài)變化,在煙草各生育期有效提高土壤PH值和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量,其中腐殖酸提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量效果最好。三種土壤改良劑均促進(jìn)旺長期土壤中緩效鉀向速效鉀的轉(zhuǎn)換,以土壤調(diào)理劑在提高土壤供鉀水平上效果最好。施用腐殖酸和聚丙烯酰胺土壤改良劑可促進(jìn)土壤中氮素礦化,提高了土壤的供氮能力。三種土壤改良劑均對煙株生長產(chǎn)生影響,以施用土壤調(diào)理劑處理煙株的葉面積、株高及干物質(zhì)積累最優(yōu),且用量以60kg/hm2較為適宜。三種土壤改良劑處理對煙株葉片光合速率、光能轉(zhuǎn)化率及PSII潛在活性的影響研究表明,聚丙烯酰胺處理能較好提高葉片光合速率,腐植酸處理能提高煙株生育后期PSII活性及提高原初光能轉(zhuǎn)化率與PSII潛在量子效率、制造較多光合產(chǎn)物。三種土壤改良劑均顯著提高了煙葉產(chǎn)量、上等煙比例及產(chǎn)值,以施用腐植酸450kg/hm2處理經(jīng)濟(jì)效益最好,施用土壤調(diào)理劑60kg/hm2處理次之,且兩處理間差異不顯著。綜合分析,腐殖酸和土壤調(diào)理劑可作為洛寧煙區(qū)的土壤改良,并對促進(jìn)煙葉生長及提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有顯著作用,其中腐殖酸適宜用量450kg/hm2,土壤調(diào)理劑適宜用量60kg/hm2。
[Abstract]:The soil samples from 13 tobacco planting towns in Luoning tobacco area were collected, and the soil nutrient status was analyzed. Taking Nie Fen Village, Dongsong Township, which is representative of Luoning tobacco area, as the experimental site, the humic acid and soil conditioning agent were studied by field test. The effects of three kinds of soil modifiers polyacrylamide on soil moisture status, nutrient status, growth characteristics and economic benefits of tobacco planting were studied. The soil modifiers suitable for tobacco planting in Luoning County were selected. The main conclusions are as follows: 75% soil pH value is high (pH 7.0), nearly 10% soil organic matter content is low, 14% soil available nitrogen content is high or extremely high, 70% soil available phosphorus content is low. The content of available potassium in 40% soil was low. In the aspect of soil improvement, measures should be taken to reduce pH value, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in some plots. Soil conditioning agent and humic acid can effectively increase soil water content, and with the increase of application rate, soil water content increases. Soil conditioner had the best water retention effect, followed by humic acid and polyacrylamide. All of the three modifiers had an effect on soil nutrient status, among which soil conditioning agent significantly increased the content of soil available potassium, and humic acid significantly increased soil organic matter. The content of available phosphorus and nitrogen and the amount of humic acid 450kg/hm2 were improved better. The three modifiers all affected the dynamic changes of soil nutrients in tobacco field and effectively increased soil PH value and organic matter content in each growing period of tobacco. Humic acid was the best in increasing soil organic matter content. The three kinds of soil modifiers all promoted the conversion of slow-acting potassium to available potassium in the flourishing period, and the soil conditioner had the best effect on improving the level of soil potassium supply. Application of humic acid and polyacrylamide soil modifier can promote nitrogen mineralization in soil and improve soil nitrogen supply capacity. Three kinds of soil modifiers all had an effect on the growth of tobacco plants. The leaf area, plant height and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants treated with soil conditioner were the best, and the dosage of 60kg/hm2 was more suitable. The effects of three soil modifiers on photosynthetic rate, light energy conversion rate and potential activity of PSII in tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that polyacrylamide treatment could improve the photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves. Humic acid treatment could increase the activity of PSII, the conversion of primary light energy and the potential quantum efficiency of PSII, and produce more photosynthetic products. The three kinds of soil modifiers significantly increased the yield of tobacco leaf, the proportion of superior tobacco and the output value. The best economic benefit was treated with humic acid 450kg/hm2, the second was treated with soil conditioner 60kg/hm2, and the difference between the two treatments was not significant. Comprehensive analysis showed that humic acid and soil conditioner could be used as soil improvement in Luoning tobacco area, and had significant effect on promoting tobacco leaf growth and increasing economic benefit. The suitable dosage of humic acid was 450 kg 路hm ~ (2) and soil conditioning agent was 60 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S572;S156

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