優(yōu)化氮肥用量和基追比例提高紅壤性水稻土肥力和雙季稻氮素的農(nóng)學(xué)效應(yīng)
[Abstract]:[objective] to optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the ratio of base to topdressing is an important way to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the fertilizer efficiency. In this study, the location experiment was carried out in the typical double cropping rice planting area in southern China, and the comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility and nitrogen agronomic benefit was carried out. With a view to proposing a nitrogen fertilizer reduction model suitable for local soil and rice planting conditions. [methods] A field location experiment of four consecutive seasons was carried out in 2014 / 2015, taking the cropping system of double cropping rice in the typical red soil region of southern China as the research object. Set up treatment: 1) do not apply nitrogen fertilizer (T1); 2) the local farmers used to apply nitrogen (T2), early rice and late rice with N 165 and 195 kg/hm~2, basal fertilizer, respectively. The ratio of tillering fertilizer to panicle fertilizer was 60: 40: 0: 40: 30: 30; 3) applying 20% nitrogen fertilizer (T3) on the basis of T2 treatment, that is, applying N 135 kg/hm~2, N 165 kg/hm~2, base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer to panicle fertilizer ratio of 40: 30: 30 in early rice, and replacing common fertilizer nitrogen with 20% organic nitrogen. The yield of rice and the nitrogen content of plant samples at maturity stage were analyzed. The soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen content, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were determined for 0-20 cm, and the physical and chemical indexes such as soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen content, soil pH, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were determined. The cumulative nitrogen use efficiency and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were calculated. The effect of soil fertility and the comprehensive benefit of each fertilization model were evaluated by Nemero index method and grey correlation method respectively. [results] 1) the (IFI) value of comprehensive fertility index of each treatment was from high to low to T _ 3T _ 2T _ 1; Compared with T2 treatment, the IFI value of T3 treatment with optimized nitrogen application and the ratio of base to topdressing increased by 2.34, and the soil microbial biomass carbon content increased by 4.37 ~ 25.39. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen content increased by 17.85% (P0.05). Compared with T2 treatment, the cumulative nitrogen agronomic efficiency of T3 treatment increased by 29.66% (P0.05) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The cumulative apparent nitrogen use efficiency increased by 28.82% (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total rice yield among different treatments in 2014. In 2015, total rice yield in T3 treatment was 5.26% higher than that in T2 treatment, and total rice yield in two years and T3 treatment increased 2.38.3) on soil nutrient index. The correlation degree of soil microbial index and nitrogen agronomic efficiency index was analyzed. The correlation degree of T3 treatment from 2014 to 2015 was the largest (0.9999 and 1.0000respectively), which was the best in the comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility and agronomic effect of nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that optimizing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the ratio of base to topdressing could achieve the reduction of nitrogen application and the increase of fertilizer utilization efficiency. [conclusion] based on the local farmers' habit of applying nitrogen, 20% of fertilizer nitrogen could be reduced and organic nitrogen could be replaced. Increasing the proportion of fertilizer nitrogen at heading stage can ensure the sustainability of soil comprehensive fertility, the sustainable and efficient utilization of nitrogen nutrients and the sustainable and stable yield of rice.
【作者單位】: 四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所/耕地培育技術(shù)國(guó)家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】:國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973項(xiàng)目)課題(2013CB127406) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(21577172,41501322) 國(guó)家國(guó)際科技合作專項(xiàng)(2015DFA20790) 中央級(jí)公益性科研院所資金項(xiàng)目(IARRP-2015-21)資助
【分類號(hào)】:S511.42;S158
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