【摘要】：西瓜枯萎病是由西瓜�；图怄哏牭毒鸬耐羵餍圆『�。前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn),小麥伴生西瓜能夠調(diào)控土壤微生物菌群,從而減輕西瓜枯萎病。棕櫚酸作為小麥根系分泌物的主要成分,其在土壤中的含量與枯萎病嚴(yán)重程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)。但是在土壤條件下,外源棕櫚酸對土壤微生物菌群產(chǎn)生哪些影響,鮮有報道。另外,西瓜�；图怄哏牭毒秩炯闹髦参镞^程中,其釋放的鐮刀菌酸和植物細(xì)胞壁降解酶能夠反映其對寄主的致病能力,因而有必要探明棕櫚酸對西瓜�；图怄哏牭毒虏×Φ挠绊�。本研究設(shè)置了4個棕櫚酸濃度,即0 mmol/kg、0.5 mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5mmol/kg干土,通過盆栽試驗和Mi Seq測序技術(shù)研究了不同濃度的外源棕櫚酸對西瓜連作土壤微生物多樣性、群落結(jié)構(gòu)和菌群分布的影響。此外還通過體外培養(yǎng)基試驗研究了不同濃度的外源棕櫚酸對西瓜枯萎病菌致病力相關(guān)指標(biāo)的影響。旨在揭示棕櫚酸介導(dǎo)的土壤微生物菌群的動態(tài)變化在西瓜枯萎病防控方面發(fā)揮的重要作用。試驗的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)西瓜盆栽試驗結(jié)果表明,1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸顯著降低了西瓜枯萎病發(fā)病率,對西瓜枯萎病有較好的防治效果。(2)土壤微生物豐富度和多樣性分析結(jié)果表明,對于西瓜連作土壤真菌而言,0.5mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期降低了真菌豐富度和多樣性,并且1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植后期降低了真菌多樣性。對于西瓜連作土壤細(xì)菌而言,0.5 mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期對西瓜連作土壤細(xì)菌的豐富度和多樣性無影響。(3)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)主坐標(biāo)軸分析(PCo A)結(jié)果表明,對于西瓜連作土壤真菌而言,0.5 mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期和后期均改變了西瓜連作土壤真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)。對于西瓜連作土壤細(xì)菌而言,0.5 mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期均改變了西瓜連作土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)。而且1.0 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植后期也改變了西瓜連作土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)土壤微生物菌群分布分析結(jié)果表明,對于西瓜連作土壤真菌而言,0.5 mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期和后期對接合菌門具有促進(jìn)作用,而對子囊菌門具有抑制作用。1.0 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期對擔(dān)子菌門具有抑制作用,而在定植后期對擔(dān)子菌門無影響。0.5 mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期和后期對被孢霉屬具有促進(jìn)作用,而對隱球菌屬具有抑制作用。此外,0.5 mmol/kg、1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期對鐮刀菌屬具有抑制作用。對于西瓜連作土壤細(xì)菌而言,1.0 mmol/kg、1.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸在定植前期對變形菌門具有促進(jìn)作用,而對綠彎菌門具有抑制作用;同時0.5 mmol/kg棕櫚酸對綠彎菌門也有抑制作用。此外,1.0 mmol/kg棕櫚酸芽單胞菌門具有抑制作用。但是,各濃度棕櫚酸在定植后期對門水平細(xì)菌無影響。(5)西瓜枯萎病與土壤微生物菌群相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明,枯萎病的發(fā)病程度與接合菌門及被孢霉屬的相對豐度呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。(6)體外培養(yǎng)基試驗結(jié)果表明,外源棕櫚酸并非通過影響西瓜�；图怄哏牭毒虏×Φ耐緩椒揽乜菸�。
[Abstract]:Watermelon fusarium wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Previous studies have found that wheat-associated watermelons can regulate soil microbial flora, thus reducing watermelon fusarium wilt. As the main component of wheat root exudates, palmitic acid had a negative correlation with the severity of fusarium wilt in soil. However, the effects of exogenous palmitic acid on soil microbial flora were seldom reported under soil conditions. In addition, the fusarium acid and the plant cell wall degrading enzyme released by the Fusarium oxysporum canarium can reflect its pathogenicity to the host, and therefore it is necessary to detect the effect of palmitic acid on the pathogenicity of fusarium oxysporum. Four palmitic acid concentrations, 0 mmol/ kg, 0.5 mmol/ kg, 1.0 mmol/ kg, 1. 5mmol/ kg dry soil were set up in this study. The effects of exogenous palmitic acid at different concentrations on microbial diversity, community structure and flora distribution in watermelon were studied by pot experiment and Mi Seq sequencing. In addition, the effects of exogenous palmitic acid at different concentrations on the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. were also studied in vitro. The purpose of this study is to reveal the important role of palmitic acid-mediated transformation of soil microbial flora in the prevention and control of watermelon wilt. The main results of experiment were as follows: (1) The pot experiment of watermelon showed that 1. 0mmol/ kg, 1.5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid significantly reduced the incidence of watermelon fusarium wilt, and had better control effect on watermelon wilt. (2) The results of soil microbial richness and diversity showed that 0. 5mmol/ kg, 1. 0mmol/ kg, 1.5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid decreased the fungus richness and diversity in the early stage of field planting, and 1. 5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid reduced the diversity of fungi at the later stage of field planting. For watermelon soil bacteria, 0. 5 mmol/ kg, 1.0 mmol/ kg, 1.5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid had no effect on the richness and diversity of soil bacteria in watermelon in early stage. (3) The results of principal axis analysis (PCo A) of soil microbial community structure showed that 0. 5 mmol/ kg, 1. 0mmol/ kg, 1.5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid changed the structure of soil fungal community in watermelon. The bacterial community structure of watermelon was changed by 0.5 mmol/ kg, 1.0 mmol/ kg and 1.5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid. In addition, 1. 0 mmol/ kg palmitic acid also changed the bacterial community structure of watermelon in late stage. (4) The results of soil microbial flora distribution showed that 0. 5 mmol/ kg, 1. 0mmol/ kg, 1.5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid had a catalytic role in the early and late stage of colonization for watermelon and soil fungi. The inhibitory effect on the basidiomycotina was inhibited by 1. 0 mmol/ kg palmitic acid at the early stage of colonization, but no effect on basidiomycetous doors was observed at the later stage of colonization. but has inhibitory effect on cryptococcosis. In addition, 0. 5 mmol/ kg, 1.0 mmol/ kg, 1.5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid had inhibitory effect on fusarium at the early stage of colonization. 1. 0 mmol/ kg, 1. 5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid had a promoting effect on the deformation bacteria gate in the early stage of field planting, but also inhibited the green-bending bacteria door at the same time. At the same time, 0. 5 mmol/ kg palmitic acid had an inhibitory effect on the green-bending bacteria door. in addition, 1. 0 mmol/ kg palmitic acid sprout door had inhibitory effect. However, each concentration palmitic acid had no effect on the level of bacteria at the later stage of colonization. (5) The correlation between watermelon fusarium wilt and soil microbial flora showed that the degree of fusarium wilt was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Zymophylum. (6) The results of in vitro culture medium test showed that exogenous palmitic acid was not able to prevent and control the fusarium wilt by affecting the pathogenic force of Fusarium oxysporum.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.5;S154.3

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