【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性是農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要組成部分,量化農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性并辨識(shí)其空間分布特征,有助于有效預(yù)防和減輕旱災(zāi)的影響.本文以全球農(nóng)業(yè)種植區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,以小麥、玉米、水稻、大麥、大豆和高粱等6種作物為農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)承災(zāi)體,基于0.5°柵格單元在全球尺度上定量評(píng)價(jià)了農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性,揭示了全球農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性的分布特征.結(jié)果顯示,全球不同等級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性面積比例由低脆弱性到極高脆弱性分別是38.96%、28.41%、25.37%和7.26%,其中,極高和高脆弱性區(qū)域面積超過(guò)了研究區(qū)面積的30%.雖然極高和高脆弱性區(qū)域主要分布在干旱區(qū)和半干旱區(qū),但仍有近40%的極高和高脆弱性面積分布在濕潤(rùn)區(qū)和半濕潤(rùn)區(qū),研究區(qū)中85%的人口分布在中等和低脆弱性區(qū)域,僅有約15%的人口分布在極高和高脆弱性區(qū)域.在農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性因子中,作物生長(zhǎng)季缺水率和灌溉水平是影響區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性水平的主要因素,降低區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)旱災(zāi)脆弱性的主要途徑是調(diào)整作物種植時(shí)間和種植結(jié)構(gòu),提高灌溉水平和能力.
[Abstract]:Agricultural drought vulnerability is an important part of agricultural drought risk. Quantifying agricultural drought vulnerability and identifying its spatial distribution characteristics are helpful to effectively prevent and mitigate the effects of drought. In this paper, the agricultural drought vulnerability is quantitatively evaluated on the global scale based on the 0.5 擄grid unit, with wheat, corn, rice, barley, soybean and sorghum as the drought tolerance bodies. The distribution characteristics of global agricultural drought vulnerability are revealed. The results show that the proportion of drought vulnerability area from low vulnerability to extreme vulnerability is 28.41 25.37% and 7.26%, respectively, and the area of extremely high and high vulnerability is more than 30% of the study area. Although very high and highly vulnerable areas are mainly located in arid and semi-arid areas, nearly 40 per cent of the extremely high and highly vulnerable areas are still distributed in humid and sub-humid areas, and 85 per cent of the population in the study areas are in medium and low vulnerability areas, Only about 15 per cent of the population is distributed in extremely high and highly vulnerable areas. Among the agricultural drought vulnerability factors, the water shortage rate and irrigation level of crop growing season are the main factors that affect the regional agricultural drought vulnerability level, and the main way to reduce the regional agricultural drought vulnerability is to adjust the planting time and planting structure. Improve irrigation level and capacity.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)環(huán)境演變與自然災(zāi)害教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;北京師范大學(xué)地表過(guò)程與資源生態(tài)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;北京師范大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)部;北京師范大學(xué)干旱災(zāi)害研究中心;中國(guó)科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所;福州大學(xué)環(huán)境與資源學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):41671424) 中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目資助
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S423

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