【摘要】：本文運用高通量測序和實時熒光定量PCR技術分析龐泉溝自然保護區(qū)沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)灌叢、錦雞兒(Caragana jubata)灌叢、樺樹(Betula platyphylla)林、遼東櫟(Quercus wutaishansea)林、山楊(Populus davidiana)林和兩個華北落葉松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林的土壤微生物群落結構及細菌功能類群的豐度,同時測定了土壤過氧化氫酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性以及土壤環(huán)境因子,對各因子的變化規(guī)律及其之間的相關性進行了分析。旨在了解龐泉溝土壤細菌群落與環(huán)境因子和空間變量的生態(tài)關系,為了解微生物群落對環(huán)境條件變化的響應來預測環(huán)境的變化提供理論依據。其結果表明:1.五個闊葉林土壤環(huán)境因子與土壤酶的相關性分析,脲酶與銨態(tài)氮、有機質極顯著正相關,與全氮、全碳顯著正相關;蔗糖酶與全氮、全碳、全硫和有機質極顯著正相關;過氧化氫酶與銨態(tài)氮極顯著正相關。2.除了錦雞兒樣地的植物多樣性在七月高,其他樣地均五月高于七月。相關性分析,植物多樣性與脲酶、全氮、全碳、硝態(tài)氮顯著正相關。3.高通量測序表明,樺樹林土壤細菌群落多樣性和豐度高于華北落葉松林,真菌群落的豐度與之相反;高海拔落葉松林細菌群落多樣性較低,而豐度較高,真菌群落則是豐度較低,多樣性在高海拔落葉松林中最高,在樺樹林中較低。闊葉林空間季節(jié)動態(tài)結果為,除了錦雞兒灌叢樣地的細菌豐度在四月高于其它月份,其它樣地都在五月達到最高;細菌豐度季節(jié)變化整體趨勢均為四、五月較高,而七、十月較低;沙棘灌叢在各樣地中最低。細菌功能類群的豐度整體趨勢與其一致。4.高通量測序表明,樺樹林和兩個華北落葉松林樣地的土壤細菌群落結構具有一定差異,而真菌群落結構的差異較大,土壤理化性質對微生物群落的結構具有較大的影響。細菌和真菌群落結構與土壤碳氮比、全硫、pH、粒徑、脲酶、蔗糖酶和過氧化氫酶活性緊密相關。闊葉林細菌優(yōu)勢類群豐度與環(huán)境因子相關性分析表明,細菌豐度與全碳、全硫、有機質、蔗糖酶緊密相關,蔗糖酶與α-變形菌綱、浮霉菌門、γ-變形菌綱極顯著正相關;脲酶與浮霉菌門、α-變形菌綱顯著正相關;過氧化氫酶與細菌極顯著正相關。
[Abstract]:In this paper, high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to analyze seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) shrub, Caragana (Caragana jubata) shrub, birch (Betula platyphylla) forest and Quercus liaotungensis (Quercus wutaishansea) forest in Pang Quangou Nature Reserve. The soil microbial community structure and the abundance of bacterial functional groups in Populus (Populus davidiana) and two Larix principis-rupprechtii stands were determined. The activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and soil environmental factors were also determined. The variation law of each factor and its correlation are analyzed. The purpose of this study was to understand the ecological relationship between soil bacterial community and environmental factors and spatial variables in Pang Quangou, and to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the response of microbial communities to changes in environmental conditions in order to predict environmental changes. The results show that: 1. The correlation between soil environmental factors and soil enzymes in five broadleaved forests showed that urease was significantly positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen, organic matter and total nitrogen, total carbon, sucrase and total nitrogen, total carbon, total sulfur and organic matter, and that urease was significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen, total carbon, total sulfur and organic matter. Catalase was positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen. 2. The plant diversity of Caragana samples was higher in July than in May. Correlation analysis showed that plant diversity was positively correlated with urease, total nitrogen, total carbon and nitrate nitrogen. High throughput sequencing showed that the diversity and abundance of soil bacterial community in birch forest was higher than that in North China larch forest, but the abundance of fungal community was opposite, and the diversity of bacterial community was lower and the abundance was higher in larch forest at high altitude. The diversity of fungal community was the highest in the larch forest at high altitude and the lowest in the birch forest. The results of spatial seasonal dynamics of broad-leaved forest were as follows: except that the bacterial abundance of Caragana thickets was higher in April than in other months, the bacterial abundance of other plots reached the highest in May, and the overall trend of seasonal variation of bacterial abundance was in April, higher in May, and higher in 7. October was lower; seabuckthorn thickets were the lowest in all lands. The overall trend of the abundance of bacterial functional groups is consistent with that of. 4. 4. High throughput sequencing showed that there were some differences in soil bacterial community structure between birch forest and two larch stands in North China, but there was great difference in fungal community structure, and soil physical and chemical properties had great influence on the structure of microbial community. The community structure of bacteria and fungi was closely related to soil C / N ratio, total sulfur, pH, particle size, urease, sucrase and catalase activity. The results showed that bacterial abundance was closely related to total carbon, total sulfur, organic matter and sucrase, while sucrase was positively correlated with 偽 -Proteus, phylum floatula and 緯 -Proteus. Urease was positively correlated with the phylum, 偽 -Proteus, and catalase was positively correlated with bacteria.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714.3

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