二甲戊靈對土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影響及其降解行為的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 14:51
【摘要】：二甲戊靈是一種選擇性芽前、芽后旱田土壤處理除草劑,廣泛應用于棉花、煙草、蔬菜等多種作物田除草。本文建立了二甲戊靈對土壤環(huán)境的影響的研究方法,初步研究了室內條件下二甲戊靈對土壤酶活性的影響;進一步分析了在不同時間、不同土壤深度、不同濃度二甲戊靈對五種土壤酶(脲酶、脫氫酶、過氧化氫酶、堿性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶)活性的影響;探討了二甲戊靈對新疆棉田微生物種類、數量、群落變化的影響;同時研究了二甲戊靈施用濃度與土層深度和施藥天數對殘留的影響。取得了以下研究結果:1)室內試驗研究結果表明:培養(yǎng)期間(0-60天)高濃度二甲戊靈(2000 g a.i./hm2)對脲酶表現為激活作用,低濃度二甲戊靈(400、800、1200 g a.i./hm2)對脲酶表現為抑制作用,并且隨著濃度的降低,抑制作用逐漸增強;對堿性磷酸酶活性的影響沒有規(guī)律性;對脫氫酶活性與蔗糖酶活性的影響都表現為激活作用,且濃度越高激活作用越強。2)大田試驗微生物數量研究結果表明:二甲戊靈對土壤細菌和真菌主要是抑制作用,且濃度越高,抑制作用越強,試驗后期(60-90天),抑制率逐漸變小,細菌數量恢復至平衡狀態(tài)。低濃度二甲戊靈對細菌有激活作用,高濃度則表現出輕微的抑制作用。3)大田試驗土壤酶活性研究結果表明:不同濃度二甲戊靈對蔗糖酶和脫氫酶有激活作用,這和室內結果一致;二甲戊靈對堿性磷酸酶活性總體是抑制作用,對過氧化氫酶活性有輕微激活作用。長期施用二甲戊靈會引起土壤營養(yǎng)不均衡。4)大田試驗中二甲戊靈殘留動態(tài)分析表明:在0.05-5mg/kg添加水平下,二甲戊靈添加回收率為92.97-94.33%,相對偏差(RSD)為3.79-4.57,檢出限(LOD)為0.005mg/kg,定量限(LQD)為0.05mg/kg。二甲戊靈在土壤中的殘留量隨著濃度的增大而增大,其在棉田的耗散遵循一級動力學方程,半衰期為7.8-15.1天,半衰期與土層深度有關�？傮w上,室內研究結果表明,二甲戊靈濃度為800-1200g a.i./hm2時,對土壤影響較小;大田試驗研究表明,二甲戊靈對微生物主要是抑制作用,與濃度呈正比與土層深度呈反比,長期施用二甲戊靈會引起土壤微生物的失衡;二甲戊靈對土壤酶活性的影響不盡相同,容易造成土壤營養(yǎng)的不均衡;殘留動態(tài)研究表明二甲戊靈在棉田的殘留時間較短,是相對比較安全的除草劑,但不宜長期施用。
[Abstract]:Penicillin is a selective herbicide for soil treatment in dry fields before and after bud, which is widely used in cotton, tobacco, vegetables and other crop fields. In this paper, we established a method to study the effect of penicillin on soil environment, preliminarily studied the effect of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity under indoor conditions, and further analyzed the effects of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity at different time and different soil depth. The effects of different concentrations of dimethylpentalin on the activities of five soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase) were studied. At the same time, the effects of application concentration, depth of soil layer and days of application on residue were studied. The results were as follows: 1) the results of laboratory experiments showed that high concentration of dimethylpentyl (2000 g a.i./hm2) could activate urease during the incubation period (0-60 days), and low concentration (400,800g a.i./hm2) showed inhibitory effect on urease. With the decrease of the concentration, the inhibitory effect was gradually enhanced, the effect on alkaline phosphatase activity was not regular, and the effects on dehydrogenase activity and sucrase activity showed activation. And the higher the concentration, the stronger the activation. 2) the results of field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of penicillin on soil bacteria and fungi was mainly inhibitory, and the higher the concentration was, the stronger the inhibitory effect was, and the inhibition rate decreased gradually in the later period of experiment (60-90 days). The number of bacteria returned to equilibrium. Low concentration of dimethopentalin activated bacteria, while high concentration showed slight inhibition. 3) the results of soil enzyme activity in field experiments showed that different concentrations of penicillin could activate sucrase and dehydrogenase. The results were consistent with the results in the laboratory. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was inhibited and the activity of catalase was slightly activated. Long-term application of dimethopentalin could cause soil nutrient imbalance. 4) dynamic analysis of residual residues of dimethyl pentyl in field experiments showed that the recovery rate of penicillin was 92.97-94.33 under 0.05-5mg/kg addition level, the relative deviation (RSD) was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg / kg. The results showed that the relative deviation was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg. The residual amount of penicillin in soil increased with the increase of concentration, and its dissipation in cotton field followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-life was 7.8-15.1 days, and the half-life was related to the depth of soil layer. On the whole, the results of laboratory study showed that the concentration of dimethylpentalin was 800-1200 g a.i./hm2, the effect on soil was small, the field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of dimethylpentalin on microorganism was main, and the concentration was inversely proportional to the depth of soil layer. Long-term application of penicillin can cause the imbalance of soil microorganism, the effect of dimethopentalin on soil enzyme activity is different, and it is easy to cause the soil nutrition imbalance, and the residue dynamics study shows that the residual time of penicillin in cotton field is shorter, and the effect of dimethopentyl on soil enzyme activity is not the same. It is a relatively safe herbicide, but it is not suitable for long-term application.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S482.4;S154
本文編號：2277028
[Abstract]:Penicillin is a selective herbicide for soil treatment in dry fields before and after bud, which is widely used in cotton, tobacco, vegetables and other crop fields. In this paper, we established a method to study the effect of penicillin on soil environment, preliminarily studied the effect of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity under indoor conditions, and further analyzed the effects of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity at different time and different soil depth. The effects of different concentrations of dimethylpentalin on the activities of five soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase) were studied. At the same time, the effects of application concentration, depth of soil layer and days of application on residue were studied. The results were as follows: 1) the results of laboratory experiments showed that high concentration of dimethylpentyl (2000 g a.i./hm2) could activate urease during the incubation period (0-60 days), and low concentration (400,800g a.i./hm2) showed inhibitory effect on urease. With the decrease of the concentration, the inhibitory effect was gradually enhanced, the effect on alkaline phosphatase activity was not regular, and the effects on dehydrogenase activity and sucrase activity showed activation. And the higher the concentration, the stronger the activation. 2) the results of field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of penicillin on soil bacteria and fungi was mainly inhibitory, and the higher the concentration was, the stronger the inhibitory effect was, and the inhibition rate decreased gradually in the later period of experiment (60-90 days). The number of bacteria returned to equilibrium. Low concentration of dimethopentalin activated bacteria, while high concentration showed slight inhibition. 3) the results of soil enzyme activity in field experiments showed that different concentrations of penicillin could activate sucrase and dehydrogenase. The results were consistent with the results in the laboratory. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was inhibited and the activity of catalase was slightly activated. Long-term application of dimethopentalin could cause soil nutrient imbalance. 4) dynamic analysis of residual residues of dimethyl pentyl in field experiments showed that the recovery rate of penicillin was 92.97-94.33 under 0.05-5mg/kg addition level, the relative deviation (RSD) was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg / kg. The results showed that the relative deviation was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg. The residual amount of penicillin in soil increased with the increase of concentration, and its dissipation in cotton field followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-life was 7.8-15.1 days, and the half-life was related to the depth of soil layer. On the whole, the results of laboratory study showed that the concentration of dimethylpentalin was 800-1200 g a.i./hm2, the effect on soil was small, the field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of dimethylpentalin on microorganism was main, and the concentration was inversely proportional to the depth of soil layer. Long-term application of penicillin can cause the imbalance of soil microorganism, the effect of dimethopentalin on soil enzyme activity is different, and it is easy to cause the soil nutrition imbalance, and the residue dynamics study shows that the residual time of penicillin in cotton field is shorter, and the effect of dimethopentyl on soil enzyme activity is not the same. It is a relatively safe herbicide, but it is not suitable for long-term application.
【學位授予單位】：石河子大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S482.4;S154
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