不同地區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量與番茄葉片養(yǎng)分含量、產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-16 10:05
【摘要】：日光溫室為山東省冬季蔬菜的主要供應(yīng)設(shè)施,番茄在各地區(qū)冬季日光溫室內(nèi)普遍種植,在蔬菜生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)中占主要地位。隨著日光溫室中番茄栽培面積的日益增加,菜農(nóng)為了提高產(chǎn)量增加收入,在生產(chǎn)上不科學(xué)施肥、長期過量施肥或施肥不均衡,造成了番茄品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量的下降,給菜農(nóng)帶來嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,嚴(yán)重時(shí)會進(jìn)一步造成土壤惡化及環(huán)境污染。國內(nèi)外的許多學(xué)者已在番茄施肥研究上做了不少工作,給我們很多可以借鑒的施肥經(jīng)驗(yàn),但是由于各國土壤、環(huán)境、地理等條件不同以及栽培方式、試驗(yàn)方法的不同,研究結(jié)果存在較大差異,應(yīng)根據(jù)各地區(qū)的環(huán)境條件和施肥特點(diǎn)等實(shí)際情況,對各地的土壤情況進(jìn)行分析。為此,本文以日照莒縣、淄博臨淄、泰安岱岳區(qū)等地區(qū)的番茄日光溫室為調(diào)查采樣對象,利用調(diào)查和試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法對三個地區(qū)12個村莊進(jìn)行大量的番茄葉片和土壤樣品的采集,研究了不同地區(qū)多年種植番茄后日光溫室的土壤養(yǎng)分特點(diǎn)、土壤中的有效養(yǎng)分含量、土壤中的有效養(yǎng)分含量與葉片中養(yǎng)分含量的關(guān)系和對產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:1不同施肥處理的田間試驗(yàn)中,番茄葉片中的氮、磷、鉀含量施肥處理要比不施肥處理的含量高,CK處理的最低;不同采樣時(shí)期的葉片中養(yǎng)分含量存在差異性,第三采樣時(shí)期即盛果期的葉片中養(yǎng)分含量要高于其他三個采樣期。2三地區(qū)土壤堿解氮均值含量均150mg/kg,在土壤中含量水平低,莒縣和臨淄地區(qū)的有效磷、速效鉀在土壤中含量水平極高,各土壤養(yǎng)分頻數(shù)分布曲線均呈正態(tài)分布;三地區(qū)的土壤電導(dǎo)率值均在適宜番茄生長的正常范圍內(nèi)。3土壤微量元素鐵、錳、銅、鋅和中量元素鈣、鎂,在三個地區(qū)番茄日光溫室中的含量存在較大差異;莒縣地區(qū)的有效鐵、有效錳含量較高,其他兩地區(qū)的含量較低,三地區(qū)土壤有效鋅含量水平高,而臨淄地區(qū)的有效銅、交換性鈣、交換性鎂在土壤中含量水平高。4三地區(qū)土壤堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀含量隨著日光溫室種植年限的增加先增加后降低,岱岳區(qū)土壤中的交換性鈣也存在這一規(guī)律,莒縣和臨淄兩地區(qū)的土壤交換性鈣含量隨著種植年限的增加沒有顯著變化,三地區(qū)的交換性鎂含量都較穩(wěn)定,不隨種植年限的增加有較大變化;除岱岳區(qū)的有效錳含量隨著種植年限的增加而降低,有效鐵含量隨著種植年限的增加先降低后增加外,其余各地區(qū)日光溫室中微量元素鐵、錳、銅、鋅在土壤中的含量隨著種植年限的增加先增加后降低。5莒縣、岱岳區(qū)的番茄葉片中有超過80%的全氮和70%的全鉀含量在適量范圍內(nèi),三地區(qū)番茄葉片中全磷含量較高。番茄葉片中鈣、鎂元素缺乏,且變異系數(shù)較大;三地區(qū)番茄葉片中微量元素鐵、錳、鋅含量有超過一半的在適量范圍內(nèi),葉片錳、鋅的變異系數(shù)較大。6三地區(qū)土壤有效養(yǎng)分與葉片養(yǎng)分含量的相關(guān)性沒有相似的規(guī)律;日照地區(qū)的土壤有效銅、有效鋅與葉片錳呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),土壤堿解氮、速效磷、有效銅、有效錳與番茄產(chǎn)量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān);臨淄地區(qū)的土壤交換性鎂與葉片全鉀呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與葉片鐵、鎂呈顯著正相關(guān),土壤交換性鈣則與番茄產(chǎn)量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);岱岳區(qū)的有效錳與番茄產(chǎn)量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),交換性鈣與番茄產(chǎn)量呈顯著正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The sunlight greenhouse is the main supply facility for winter vegetables in Shandong Province. With the increasing of tomato cultivation area in the sunlight greenhouse, the vegetable farmers increase the income by increasing the yield, not scientifically fertilization in production, long-term excessive fertilization or uneven fertilization, thereby causing the degradation of tomato quality and yield, causing serious economic loss to the vegetable farmers, Soil deterioration and environmental pollution will be further aggravated when severe. Many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of work in the research of tomato fertilization, and give us a lot of experience in fertilization, but because of the different conditions such as soil, environment, geography, etc. Soil conditions around the country should be analyzed according to the environmental conditions and fertilization characteristics of each region. In order to achieve this, a large number of tomato leaves and soil samples were collected from 12 villages in 12 villages in three regions by means of investigation and experiment. The characteristics of soil nutrients, the effective nutrient content in soil, the relationship between the effective nutrient content in soil and the nutrient content in leaves and the effect on yield were studied in different regions for years. The results showed that the fertilization treatment of N, P and K in tomato leaves was higher than that of non-fertilization treatment in the field experiment of different fertilization treatments. The content of nutrients in leaves of different sampling periods was different. in the third sampling period, the content of nutrient in the leaves of the fruit-holding period is higher than that of the other three sampling periods, the average content of the soil alkali in the three areas is 150mg/ kg, the content of the soil is low, the effective phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium in the soil are extremely high in the soil, The soil nutrient frequency distribution curves were distributed in normal distribution, and the soil conductivity values in three areas were within the normal range of tomato growth. The content of effective iron and effective manganese in three areas is high, and the effective copper, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium in Linzi area are high in soil. The content of quick-acting potassium increased with the increase of the planting life of the solar greenhouse, and the exchangeable calcium in the soil of Yuyue District also existed. the exchangeable magnesium content in the three areas is stable, does not vary greatly with the increase of the planting life, the effective manganese content of the three areas is reduced with the increase of the planting life, the effective iron content is increased after the increase of the planting life is reduced, the content of trace elements iron, manganese, copper and zinc in the sunlight greenhouse in the rest areas is reduced after the increase of the planting life, The total phosphorus content in tomato leaves was higher in three areas. in tomato leaves, that calcium and magnesium elements are deficient and the coefficient of variation is large; the trace element iron, the manganese and the zinc content in the tomato leaves of the three regions have more than half of the manganese and the zinc content in an appropriate amount, and the leaf manganese, The coefficient of variation of zinc is relatively large. There is no similar rule between the effective nutrients in soil and the nutrient content of leaves in the three areas. The effective copper and effective zinc in soil in the sunshine area have a significant negative correlation with the leaf manganese, and the soil alkali is free of nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and effective copper. There was a significant negative correlation between the effective manganese and the yield of tomato; the soil exchangeable magnesium in Lintong area was negatively correlated with the total potassium of leaves, which was positively correlated with the leaf iron and magnesium, and the soil exchangeable calcium was negatively correlated with the yield of tomato; the effective manganese in Yuyue District was negatively correlated with tomato yield. The exchangeable calcium was positively correlated with tomato yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S641.2;S158.3
本文編號：2274013
[Abstract]:The sunlight greenhouse is the main supply facility for winter vegetables in Shandong Province. With the increasing of tomato cultivation area in the sunlight greenhouse, the vegetable farmers increase the income by increasing the yield, not scientifically fertilization in production, long-term excessive fertilization or uneven fertilization, thereby causing the degradation of tomato quality and yield, causing serious economic loss to the vegetable farmers, Soil deterioration and environmental pollution will be further aggravated when severe. Many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of work in the research of tomato fertilization, and give us a lot of experience in fertilization, but because of the different conditions such as soil, environment, geography, etc. Soil conditions around the country should be analyzed according to the environmental conditions and fertilization characteristics of each region. In order to achieve this, a large number of tomato leaves and soil samples were collected from 12 villages in 12 villages in three regions by means of investigation and experiment. The characteristics of soil nutrients, the effective nutrient content in soil, the relationship between the effective nutrient content in soil and the nutrient content in leaves and the effect on yield were studied in different regions for years. The results showed that the fertilization treatment of N, P and K in tomato leaves was higher than that of non-fertilization treatment in the field experiment of different fertilization treatments. The content of nutrients in leaves of different sampling periods was different. in the third sampling period, the content of nutrient in the leaves of the fruit-holding period is higher than that of the other three sampling periods, the average content of the soil alkali in the three areas is 150mg/ kg, the content of the soil is low, the effective phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium in the soil are extremely high in the soil, The soil nutrient frequency distribution curves were distributed in normal distribution, and the soil conductivity values in three areas were within the normal range of tomato growth. The content of effective iron and effective manganese in three areas is high, and the effective copper, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium in Linzi area are high in soil. The content of quick-acting potassium increased with the increase of the planting life of the solar greenhouse, and the exchangeable calcium in the soil of Yuyue District also existed. the exchangeable magnesium content in the three areas is stable, does not vary greatly with the increase of the planting life, the effective manganese content of the three areas is reduced with the increase of the planting life, the effective iron content is increased after the increase of the planting life is reduced, the content of trace elements iron, manganese, copper and zinc in the sunlight greenhouse in the rest areas is reduced after the increase of the planting life, The total phosphorus content in tomato leaves was higher in three areas. in tomato leaves, that calcium and magnesium elements are deficient and the coefficient of variation is large; the trace element iron, the manganese and the zinc content in the tomato leaves of the three regions have more than half of the manganese and the zinc content in an appropriate amount, and the leaf manganese, The coefficient of variation of zinc is relatively large. There is no similar rule between the effective nutrients in soil and the nutrient content of leaves in the three areas. The effective copper and effective zinc in soil in the sunshine area have a significant negative correlation with the leaf manganese, and the soil alkali is free of nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and effective copper. There was a significant negative correlation between the effective manganese and the yield of tomato; the soil exchangeable magnesium in Lintong area was negatively correlated with the total potassium of leaves, which was positively correlated with the leaf iron and magnesium, and the soil exchangeable calcium was negatively correlated with the yield of tomato; the effective manganese in Yuyue District was negatively correlated with tomato yield. The exchangeable calcium was positively correlated with tomato yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S641.2;S158.3
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，本文編號：2274013
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