【摘要】：核桃是適應(yīng)性極強(qiáng),集食用、藥用、材用、生態(tài)于一身的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)林樹種。近年來,隨著核桃產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,優(yōu)質(zhì)苗木需求量越來越多。施用氮肥是培育優(yōu)質(zhì)苗木的重要措施,但是氮肥施用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成肥害。為了探索核桃苗木合理的氮肥施用技術(shù),在河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)標(biāo)本園以當(dāng)年實(shí)生核桃苗為試材,對(duì)氮肥肥害發(fā)生生理及影響因素進(jìn)行了研究,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.在試驗(yàn)所設(shè)的不施N、施尿素10 kg/667m2、施尿素20 kg/667m2、施尿素30kg/667m2和施尿素40 kg/667m2的處理下,施肥量在20 kg/667m2以下時(shí),均不發(fā)生肥害;尿素施用量達(dá)到30 kg/667m2時(shí)開始發(fā)生肥害;在施肥量超越臨界值后,隨著施肥量的增加,肥害病情加重;下透雨后立即地面撒施,下透雨后立即溝施,地面撒施后立即澆水,溝施后立即澆水4種不同施肥方法的平均肥害指數(shù)分別為1.37%、1.00%、0.79%、0.63%。4種施肥方法病情指數(shù)大小順序?yàn)橄峦赣旰罅⒓吹孛嫒鍪┫峦赣旰罅⒓礈鲜┑孛嫒鍪┖罅⒓礉菜疁鲜┖罅⒓礉菜?.肥害發(fā)生時(shí),施肥量40 kg/667m2的苗木生長區(qū)間平均田間相對(duì)濕度為77.17%,顯著高于0 kg/667m2和10 kg/667m2;4種施肥方法苗木生長區(qū)間的田間平均相對(duì)濕度分別為79.33%、76.80%、72.80%和69.13%,下透雨后立即地面撒施顯著高于下透雨后立即溝施,極顯著高于地面撒施后立即澆水和溝施后立即澆水。3.施肥量為0 g/盆、1.08 g/盆、2.25 g/盆、3.33 g/盆、4.50 g/盆時(shí),4.50 g/盆的平均氨氣濃度最高為31.88μl·L-1,極顯著高于1.08 g/盆(22.91μl·L-1)和2.25 g/盆(24.63μl·L-1);4種施肥方法苗木生長區(qū)間空氣中的平均氨氣濃度分別為:32.64μl·L-1、26.45μl·L-1、25.86μl·L-1、23.77μl·L-1,澆水后立即表面撒施的平均氨氣濃度極顯著高于其他3種施肥方法。4.施肥后第4天,4種施肥方法不同施肥量的平均光合速率分別為4.99、5.74、6.90、7.54和6.80μmol·m-2·s-1,尿素施用量30 kg/667m2極顯著高于0 kg/667m2和10kg/667m2;不同施肥量4種施肥方法的平均光合速率分別為6.86、7.61、5.47和5.62μmol·m-2·s-1,下透雨后立即溝施的平均光合速率顯著高于下透雨后立即地面撒施,極顯著高于地面撒施后立即澆水和溝施后立即澆水。不同施肥量施肥后第17天和第34天的平均光合速率分別為4.99、7.42、8.78、6.29、5.32、5.85、9.34、10.92、5.41、4.45μmol·m-2·s-1,以施肥量20 kg/667m2處理為高;4種施肥方法施肥后第17天和第34天的平均光合速率分別為7.24、7.01、6.39、6.35、7.25、7.11、6.76、7.64μmol·m-2·s-1,以下透雨后立即地面撒施的方法處理為高。5.施肥后第4天,4種施肥方法不同施肥量的平均蒸騰速率分別為2.13、2.92、3.11、4.76和4.09μmol·m-2·s-1,尿素施用量30 kg/667m2極顯著高于0 kg/667m2、10kg/667m2和20 kg/667m2,顯著高于40 kg/667m2;不同施肥量4種施肥方法的平均蒸騰速率分別為3.09、3.30、3.47和3.75μmol·m-2·s-1,溝施后立即澆水的平均蒸騰速率顯著高于下透雨后立即地面撒施。不同施肥量施肥后第17天和第34天的平均蒸騰速率分別為2.96、3.39、3.61、3.90、3.53、3.14、3.69、4.13、3.48、2.71μmol·m-2·s-1,以施肥量30 kg/667m2和20 kg/667m2處理為高;4種施肥方法施肥后第17天和第34天的平均蒸騰速率分別為3.32、3.40、3.42、3.77、3.08、3.23、3.70、3.71μmol·m-2·s-1,以溝施后立即澆水的方法處理為高。6.4種施肥方法不同施肥量的平均根系活力分別為43.10、80.59、111.40、158.49、107.71μg·g-1·h-1,施肥量30 kg/667m2的平均根系活力最大,極顯著高于0 kg/667m2和10 kg/667m2,顯著高于20 kg/667m2和40 kg/667m2;不同施肥方法的平均根系活力分別為69.71、79.26、109.26、142.79μg·g-1·h-1,溝施后立即澆水的平均根系活力極顯著高于下透雨后立即地面撒施、下透雨后立即溝施,顯著高于地面撒施后立即澆水。7.4種施肥方法不同施肥量的平均GR活性、APX活性、CAT活性、MDA含量、As A含量、GSH含量、脯氨酸含量均以施用量30 kg/667m2最大,分別為7.31 U·g-1FW、22.31 U·g-1FW、9.03 mg·g-1FW、6.48 nmol·g-1FW、18.24μg·g-1FW、1.69μg·g-1FW、15.72μg·g-1FW;平均SOD活性以20 kg/667m2最高,為8.22 U·g-1FW;平均POD活性和電解質(zhì)滲出率以40 kg/667m2最高,分別為11.38 U·g-1FW、68.54%。8.不同施肥量4種施肥方法的平均CAT活性、MDA含量、電解質(zhì)滲出率、POD活性、脯氨酸含量以施肥方法下透雨后立即地面撒施為最高,分別為7.70 mg·g-1FW、5.21 nmol·g-1FW、61.28%、8.99 U·g-1FW、12.88μg·g-1FW;平均SOD活性、APX活性、GR活性和GSH含量均無顯著性差異;平均As A含量以地面撒施后立即澆水處理為高,為11.76μg·g-1FW。
[Abstract]:Walnut is an important economic forest tree species with strong adaptability, food, medicine, wood and ecology. In recent years, with the rapid development of walnut industry, the demand for high-quality seedlings is increasing. Application of nitrogen fertilizer is an important measure to cultivate high-quality seedlings, but the application of nitrogen fertilizer can cause fertilizer harm. In order to explore the rational nitrogen fertilizer application technology of walnut seedlings, the physiological and influencing factors of nitrogen fertilizer were studied in the sample orchard of Hebei Agricultural University, and the main results are as follows: 1. Under the treatment of N, urea 10 kg/ 667m2, urea 20 kg/ 667m2, urea 30kg/ 667m2 and urea 40 kg/ 667m2, the fertilizer application no fertilizer damage when the urea application amount is below 20 kg/ 667m2; when the urea application rate reaches 30 kg/ 667m2, fertilizer damage is started; after the urea application rate exceeds the critical value, The average fertilizer damage index of four different fertilization methods was 1. 37%, 1. 00%, 0. 79%, respectively. 0. 63%. 4 kinds of fertilization methods, with the order of the size of the disease index, immediately after the rain, immediately after the rain, immediately ditch the ground, and immediately water it after watering the ditch. The mean field relative humidity of seedling growth section was 77. 17%, significantly higher than 0 kg/ 667m2 and 10 kg/ 667m2 at the time of fertilizer damage. The mean relative humidity of seedling growth section was 79. 33%, 76. 80%, 72. 80% and 69. 13%, respectively. Immediately after the rain and the rain, the ground shall be applied to the surface immediately after the rain and rain, and shall be applied immediately after the rain and rain, and shall be watered as soon as the water and trench are applied immediately after spreading on the ground. 3. The average ammonia concentration of 4.50 g/ pot was 31. 88 mul 路 L-1, the pole was significantly higher than 1.08g/ basin (22.91. l 路 L -1) and 2.25g/ basin (24.63. l 路 L-1) when the average ammonia concentration was 0 g/ basin, 1.08g/ basin, 2.25g/ basin, 3.33g/ basin, 4.50 g/ basin. The average ammonia concentration in the air of four fertilization methods was 32. 64. m u.l 路 L-1, 26.45. l 路 L-1, 25.86. l 路 L-1, 23.77. l 路 L-1, and the average ammonia concentration after watering was significantly higher than that of the other three fertilization methods. The average photosynthetic rates were 4.99, 5.74, 6.90, 7.54 and 6.80 mumol 路 m -2 路 s-1, respectively. The average photosynthetic rate of urea applied at 30 kg/ 667m2 was significantly higher than 0 kg/ 667m2 and 10kg/ 667m2, respectively. The average photosynthetic rates of four fertilization methods were 6.86, 7.61, 5.47 and 5.62. mol 路 m-2 路 s-1, respectively. Immediately after the rain, the average photosynthetic rate of the ditch is obviously higher than that immediately after the rain and the rain, and the ground is spread immediately after the rain and the rain, and the water is immediately watered and water is immediately watered after the water and the ditch are applied immediately after spreading on the ground. The average photosynthetic rates on days 17 and 34 after fertilization were 4.99, 7.42, 8.78, 6.29, 5.32, 5.85, 9.34, 10.92, 5.41, 4.45 umol 路 m -2 路 s -1, respectively. The average photosynthetic rates were 7.24, 7.01, 6.39, 6.35, 7.25, 7.11, 6.76, 7.64. mol 路 m-2 路 s-1, respectively. Immediately after the rain, the method of spraying the ground immediately after the rain was treated as high. 5. The average transpiration rate was 2.13, 2.92, 3.11, 4.76 and 4.09mumol 路 m -2 路 s-1 at the 4th day after fertilization, and the urea application rate was 30kg/ 667m2, which was significantly higher than 0 kg/ 667m2, 10kg/ 667m2 and 20kg/ 667m2, which was significantly higher than 40 kg/ 667m2. The average transpiration rate of four fertilization methods was 3.09, 3.30, 3.47 and 3.75. m 路 m-2 路 s-1, respectively. The average transpiration rate of water immediately after furrow application was significantly higher than that immediately after the rain. The mean transpiration rates on days 17 and 34 after fertilization were 2.96, 3.39, 3.61, 3.90, 3.53, 3.14, 3.69, 4.13, 3.48, 2.71. m-2 路 s-1, respectively. The average transpiration rates were 3.32, 3.40, 3.42, 3.77, 3.08, 3.23, 3.70, 3.71. mol 路 m-2 路 s-1 after fertilization. The average root activity was 43. 10, 80. 59, 111. 40, 158. 49, 107. 71 ug 路 g-1 路 h-1, and the average root activity was higher than 0 kg/ 667m2 and 10 kg/ 667m2, significantly higher than 20 kg/ 667m2 and 40 kg/ 667m2, respectively. The average root activity of different fertilization methods was 69. 71, 79. 26, 109. 26, 142. 79. mu.g 路 g-1 路 h-1, and the average root activity of water immediately after furrow application was significantly higher than that immediately after the rain, the ground was scattered immediately after the rain, and immediately after the rain, The average GR activity, APX activity, CAT activity, MDA content, As A content, GSH content and proline content of different fertilization methods were 7.31 U 路 g-1FW, 22. 31U 路 g-1FW, 9.03 mg 路 g-1FW, 6.48 nmol 路 g-1FW, respectively. 18. 24 ug 路 g-1FW, 1.69 ug 路 g-1FW, 15.72 ug 路 g-1FW, the average SOD activity was 20 kg/ 667m2 highest, 8.22 U 路 g-1FW, the average POD activity and electrolyte leakage rate were 40 kg/ 667m2, respectively, 11.38 U 路 g-1FW, 68. 54%. 8. The average CAT activity, MDA content, electrolyte leakage rate, POD activity and proline content of four fertilization methods were 7.70 mg 路 g-1FW, 5.21 nmol 路 g-1FW, 61. 28%, 8.99U 路 g-1FW, 12.88 ug 路 g-1FW, respectively. There was no significant difference between APX activity, GR activity and GSH content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S664.1;S147.2

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本文編號(hào)：2256418