【摘要】：莠滅凈又名阿滅凈,是由同為三嗪類化合物阿特拉津化學改性而得到的一種新型除草劑,它屬于選擇性、內(nèi)吸傳導型芽前芽后除草劑,目前已廣泛用于玉米、馬鈴薯、甘蔗、香蕉、柑橘、菠蘿等農(nóng)田中來防除雜草。該農(nóng)藥性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、持效期長,易貯存在土壤中,對植物正常生長、人類健康生活造成危害。因此,研究莠滅凈在土壤中的降解行為意義重大。本文采用盆栽試驗方法,以小麥、黑麥草、苜蓿和玉米為研究材料,以莠滅凈為研究農(nóng)藥,比較研究了4種不同植物對土壤中莠滅凈的積累和降解能力的差異。在莠滅凈污染濃度為1mgkg-1的土壤中分別種植小麥、黑麥草、苜蓿和玉米,生長10d后,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同植物對土壤中莠滅凈的吸收和降解能力不同,4種植物的地上部分中莠滅凈的含量高于地下部分。其中小麥和苜蓿對莠滅凈的積累量最大,黑麥草的傳導因子(TF)最高為5.122。種植4種植物的土壤中莠滅凈的殘留量均低于未種植植物的空白土壤中莠滅凈的殘留量。培養(yǎng)10d后,空白土壤中莠滅凈減少了 16.6%,而種植植物土壤中莠滅凈則減少了 26.4%-50%,說明種植植物對土壤中莠滅凈的降解具有一定的促進作用。根際土壤中莠滅凈的殘留量最少,相應減少了 41.1%-73.0%,原因可能與植物根際微生物群落與分泌物有關。黑麥草在莠滅凈污染濃度為1 mg kg-1的土壤中生長10 d,黑麥草體內(nèi)的過氧化氫酶、谷胱甘肽轉移酶和漆酶酶活力升高。濃度為1 mg kg-1莠滅凈對土壤中過氧化氫酶和脫氫酶的活力影響不大,對酚類氧化酶的活力有增強作用。污染土中種植4種植物后,土壤中過氧化氫酶和脫氫酶活力均明顯升高,而酚類氧化酶活力下降。4種植物種植在污染或非污染土壤中,根際土壤中有機酸丙二酸、檸檬酸和蘋果酸含量最高,而非根際土壤中含量最低。污染土壤中種植小麥和黑麥草時,土壤有機酸含量降低;種植苜蓿,有機酸含量升高;而種植玉米時,丙二酸和檸檬酸含量降低,蘋果酸含量升高。說明土壤有機酸的變化受農(nóng)藥和種植植物的種類的共同影響。土壤酶活力和有機酸含量均是根際土混合土非根際土,這說明根系環(huán)境有利于莠滅凈的降解。
[Abstract]:Herbicide, also known as Amijing, is a new herbicide obtained by chemical modification of triazine compound atrazine. It belongs to selective, internal absorption conduction herbicide after pre-bud herbicide. It has been widely used in maize, potato, sugarcane, etc. Weed control in fields such as bananas, citrus and pineapple. The pesticide is stable in nature and has long lasting effect. It is easy to be stored in soil, which is harmful to the normal growth of plants and the healthy life of human beings. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the degradation behavior of herbicide in soil. In this paper, using wheat, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn as research materials and herbicide as pesticide, the differences of accumulation and degradation ability of four different plants to soil herbicide were studied by pot experiment. Wheat, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn were grown in the soil with the net pollution concentration of 1mgkg-1 for 10 days. It was found that the absorption and degradation ability of different plants to soil herbicide was different. The content of herbicide in the aboveground part of four species of plants was higher than that in the underground part. Among them, wheat and alfalfa had the largest accumulation of herbicide, and ryegrass had the highest conduction factor (TF) of 5.122. The residual amount of herbicide in the soil planted with 4 kinds of plants was lower than that in the blank soil without planting plants. After 10 days of culture, the content of herbicide in blank soil decreased by 16.6m and that in planting plant soil decreased by 26.4-50, which indicated that planting plants could promote the degradation of herbicide in soil to some extent. The residue of herbicide in rhizosphere soil was the least, which decreased by 41.1-73.0. The reason may be related to the rhizosphere microbial community and secretion. The activities of catalase, glutathione transferase and laccase in ryegrass were increased after 10 days of growth in the soil with a net pollution concentration of 1 mg kg-1. The activity of catalase and dehydrogenase in soil was not affected by 1 mg kg-1 herbicide, but the activity of phenoloxidase was enhanced. The activities of catalase and dehydrogenase in polluted soil increased obviously, while the activity of phenoloxidase decreased in polluted or non-polluted soil, but in rhizosphere soil, the activity of catalase and dehydrogenase increased significantly, while the activity of phenoloxidase decreased in the rhizosphere soil. The content of citric acid and malic acid was the highest, but the lowest in non-rhizosphere soil. When wheat and ryegrass were planted in polluted soil, the content of organic acid decreased, while that of alfalfa increased, while that of malic acid and malic acid decreased. It shows that the change of soil organic acids is affected by pesticide and plant species. Both soil enzyme activity and organic acid content were non-rhizosphere soils in rhizosphere mixed soil, which indicated that root environment was beneficial to the degradation of herbicide.
【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;X592

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