【摘要】：福建省紅壤區(qū)由于地形起伏較大,土壤結(jié)構(gòu)松散,抗蝕性能力差,加之降雨集中,多臺風暴雨,使得該地區(qū)水土流失嚴重。為實現(xiàn)水土保持目的,經(jīng)過長期的研究與實踐,目前已形成了很多行之有效的水土保持措施。然而,在措施實施過程中會存在著限制條件多、配置不合理以及措施產(chǎn)生的效益達不到期望等問題。如何在有限的水土保持投資下,將不同類型的水土保持措施合理地空間配置以期充分發(fā)揮生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟、社會等綜合效益,已成為當前研究熱點。水土保持措施的空間優(yōu)化配置涉及多目標優(yōu)化,選擇合理可行的求解多目標優(yōu)化問題的方法已成為研究重點。本文以福建省紅壤區(qū)土壤侵蝕嚴重的長汀縣為研究區(qū),從水土保持措施空間布局適宜度以及產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟效益、生態(tài)效益角度出發(fā),構(gòu)建了水土保持措施空間配置優(yōu)化模型,采用帶精英策略的快速非支配排序遺傳算法(NSGA-II)進行模型的求解;篩選出最佳水土保持措施空間優(yōu)化配置方案,并結(jié)合2013-2015年水土流失實際治理情況進行了對比分析。最終提出了一套適用于研究區(qū)的水土保持措施空間優(yōu)化配置方案,并為政府治理水土流失提供決策依據(jù)。論文的具體研究內(nèi)容及工作成果如下:(1)收集整理了水土保持措施空間優(yōu)化配置研究所需要的數(shù)據(jù),并簡要介紹了指標的選取以及數(shù)據(jù)的處理方法。(2)完成了水土保持措施空間分布格局特征尺度的識別和影響因子的多尺度分析。結(jié)果表明:利用標準化回歸系數(shù)衡量,水土保持措施空間布局影響因子在不同作用范圍及不同規(guī)模尺度上,對水土保持措施空間布局的影響是不同的。(3)完成了不同類型水土保持措施的適宜性評價。根據(jù)不同的治理目標,分別進行兩套水土保持措施適宜性評價指標體系的構(gòu)建;進行不同類型水土保持措施的適宜性評價,劃分不同適宜性等級,并統(tǒng)計各個等級的水土保持措施面積及分布情況。(4)實現(xiàn)了水土保持措施空間布局的優(yōu)化配置。以投入成本最小化、生態(tài)效益最大化以及適宜度最大化為目標函數(shù),構(gòu)建了水土保持措施的空間優(yōu)化配置模型,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法進行模型的求解;采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)投影法,選出最佳水土保持措施空間優(yōu)化配置方案,并以2013-2015年水土流失實際治理情況進行對比分析。結(jié)果表明:優(yōu)化效果明顯,優(yōu)化配置方案可行有效,可為政府實施水土保持措施空間配置提供決策依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion in red soil region of Fujian Province is serious due to its large topographic fluctuation loose soil structure poor corrosion resistance combined with concentrated rainfall and heavy rain caused by many typhoons. In order to achieve the purpose of soil and water conservation, many effective soil and water conservation measures have been formed through long-term research and practice. However, there are many problems in the implementation of the measures, such as many restrictions, unreasonable allocation and the benefits of the measures can not reach expectations. How to rationally allocate different types of soil and water conservation measures in order to give full play to the comprehensive benefits of ecology, economy and society has become a hot research topic in the limited investment of soil and water conservation. The spatial optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures involves multi-objective optimization, and it has become the focus of research to select a reasonable and feasible method to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. This paper takes Changting County, which has serious soil erosion in red soil region of Fujian Province, as the study area. From the angle of spatial distribution suitability of soil and water conservation measures, economic benefits and ecological benefits, an optimized model of spatial allocation of soil and water conservation measures is constructed. The model was solved by NSGA-II with elite strategy, and the optimal spatial optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures was selected, and the actual control of soil and water loss in 2013-2015 was compared and analyzed. Finally, a set of spatial optimal allocation scheme of soil and water conservation measures suitable for the study area is put forward, and the decision basis for the government to control soil and water loss is provided. The specific research contents and work results are as follows: (1) the data needed by the research on spatial optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures are collected and collated. The selection of indicators and the methods of data processing are briefly introduced. (2) the scale identification of spatial distribution pattern of soil and water conservation measures and the multi-scale analysis of influencing factors are completed. The results show that the influence factors of spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures are measured by standardized regression coefficient. The effects on spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures are different. (3) the suitability evaluation of different types of soil and water conservation measures has been completed. According to different control objectives, two sets of suitability evaluation index system of soil and water conservation measures were constructed, and the suitability evaluation of different types of soil and water conservation measures was carried out, and different suitability grades were classified. The area and distribution of soil and water conservation measures were analyzed. (4) the spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures was optimized. Taking the minimization of input cost, the maximization of ecological benefit and the maximization of suitability as objective functions, the spatial optimal allocation model of soil and water conservation measures is constructed, and the model is solved by using NSGA- 鈪，

本文編號：2254281