【摘要】：為解決東北黑土區(qū)坡耕地水土流失嚴(yán)重的問題,探索不同耕作措施和施氮策略對水土流失、氮素養(yǎng)分流失特征的影響,于2015—2016年在黑龍江省哈爾濱市設(shè)置徑流小區(qū)試驗,共設(shè)9處理。處理1(T1)為裸地;處理2(T2)為荒地;處理3(T3)為優(yōu)化施氮(180kg N/hm~2),順壟;處理4(T4)為優(yōu)化施氮(180kg N/hm~2),橫壟;處理5(T5)為增氮施肥(210kg N/hm~2),順壟;處理6(T6)為減氮施肥(90kg N/hm~2),順壟;處理7(T7)為替氮施肥((180kg N/hm~2,其中30kg N為有機(jī)肥,順壟);處理8(T8)為優(yōu)化施氮(180kg N/hm~2),橫壟,苜�！衩组g作;處理9(T9)為減氮施肥(90kg N/hm~2),順壟,秸稈覆蓋。結(jié)果表明,T1的年均產(chǎn)流量為151.0m~3/hm~2,與T1相比,T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8、T9分別攔截80.9%,64.4%,83.0%,65.2%,68.0%,60.4%,93.8%,88.1%;T1的年均土壤侵蝕量為9.5t/hm~2,與T1相比,T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8、T9分別攔截98.8%,57.3%,88.4%,60.7%,50.6%,56.6%,99.2%,94.4%;T1的年均無機(jī)氮地表徑流損失為207.6g N/hm~2,與T1相比,T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8、T9分別減少無機(jī)氮損失43.0%,24.7%,35.5%,20.0%,36.8%,20.2%,75.6%,55.9%。雪水融化徑流導(dǎo)致坡耕地的氮素?fù)p失不容忽視。坡耕地種植玉米時,單項耕作措施防止水土流失的效果,以生物籬最好,秸稈覆蓋少耕較好,橫壟次之;多項綜合耕作措施中,橫壟耕作和生物籬結(jié)合,效果均較好。相同耕作模式不同施肥措施中,有機(jī)肥替代因地上部作物生長較差有較大的產(chǎn)流量;減氮處理由于較低的無機(jī)氮濃度可減少地表徑流氮素?fù)p失,同時增加產(chǎn)沙量。地表產(chǎn)流量與日降雨量間存在正的線性相關(guān)性(R2為0.213 9~0.543 8),T2、T9除外;土壤侵蝕量、無機(jī)氮損失量與地表產(chǎn)流量有正的線性相關(guān)(R2為0.338 0~0.728 1,0.618 4~0.895 2),T1除外。年均地表產(chǎn)流中,硝態(tài)氮濃度與無機(jī)氮濃度之比越小,年均地表徑流無機(jī)氮損失越小。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the serious problem of soil and water loss on sloping farmland in the black soil area of Northeast China, and to explore the effects of different tillage measures and nitrogen application strategies on soil erosion and nitrogen nutrient loss, a runoff plot experiment was set up in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2016. A total of 9 processing. Treatment 1 (T1) was bare land; treatment 2 (T2) was barren land; treatment 3 (T3) was optimized nitrogen application (180kg N/hm~2), along ridge; treatment 4 (T4) was optimized nitrogen application (180kg N/hm~2), cross ridge; treatment 5 (T5) was nitrogen increasing fertilizer (210kg N/hm~2); treatment 6 (T6) was nitrogen reducing fertilizer (90kg N/hm~2); Treatment 7 (T7) was treated with nitrogen fertilizer (180kg N / hmm2, where 30kg N was organic fertilizer, along ridge), treatment 8 (T8) was optimized nitrogen application (180kg N/hm~2), cross ridge, alfalfa and maize intercropping, treatment 9 (T9) was nitrogen reducing fertilization (90kg N/hm~2), along ridge and straw mulch. 緇撴灉琛ㄦ槑,T1鐨勫勾鍧囦駭嫻侀噺涓，

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