廣藿香化感自毒作用與根際土壤微生物互作效應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-11 08:38
【摘要】：廣藿香[Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.],是唇形科(Labiatae)刺蕊草屬(Pogostemon)的重要的芳香化濕類中藥植物,原產(chǎn)于越南、馬來西亞、菲律賓等東南亞國家,是重要的藥用植物。但隨著栽培年限的增加,廣藿香連作障礙現(xiàn)象明顯,表現(xiàn)為地下部分根系腐爛、退化、根部病害嚴(yán)重,地上葉片長勢弱、植株生長不良,甚至整株死亡,造成產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)明顯下降,這些都阻礙了廣藿香的規(guī)�；a(chǎn)。因此,對廣藿香連作障礙的成因及作用機(jī)理的研究意義重大。本文從化感作用及土壤生態(tài)學(xué)角度入手,研究了廣藿香的化感自毒作用的表現(xiàn)和機(jī)理,及連作后根際土壤因子及微生物多樣性的變化,為實現(xiàn)有效調(diào)控廣藿香連作障礙提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。 本研究采用盆栽實驗的方法,探討廣藿香根、莖、葉水浸液對廣藿香盆栽苗的化感自毒作用潛力,結(jié)果表明：最高濃度的廣藿香不同部位水浸液(1：10)對盆栽苗的自毒作用強(qiáng)弱比較結(jié)果是葉根莖；高濃度的根、莖、葉水浸液(1：10)均能使最株高、根長、最大葉長、總鮮重和葉片數(shù)的變化量顯著下降；與對照相比,濃度為(1：10)的葉水浸液使植株高度降低了99.8%(p0.05)。葉和根水浸液隨濃度增加,使盆栽苗葉片的POD和SOD活性先顯著升高,后降低。根水浸液(1：25)使SOD含量上升了284.2%,使POD含量上升了99.5%,葉水浸液(1：25)使SOD含量上升了71.2%,使POD含量上升了137.5%。高濃度的葉和根水浸液(1：10)均使廣藿香盆栽苗葉片的MDA含量增加,增加值分別為158.3%,和358.3%(p0.05)。 本研究采用盆栽實驗的方法,探討廣藿香根際土壤水浸液對廣藿香盆栽苗的化感自毒作用潛力,結(jié)果表明：高濃度的根際土壤水浸液使盆栽苗的株高、根長、最大葉長、葉片數(shù)和總鮮重都顯著降低,而根長的下降量最明顯,為147.1%。中濃度(1：1)和高濃度(純濃縮物)的根際土壤水浸液使植株總鮮重降低量分別為19.6%和22.7%(p0.05)。在處理濃度為最高濃度(純濃縮物)時,SOD、POD、MDA的含量分別達(dá)到307μg-1FW,1.6μmol g-1FW and3.3μmol g-1FWh-1。 本研究采用水培法,探討已篩選出的8種化感物質(zhì)對廣藿香盆栽苗的化感自毒作用潛力,結(jié)果表明：化感自毒潛力最強(qiáng)的是對羥基苯甲酸,在最高濃度(200μM)時,使廣藿香組培苗的株高、根長、總鮮重分別降低了77.0%,42.0%和70.0%(p0.05)。對羥基苯甲酸對SOD和POD活性的影響最大,在濃度為(50μM)時,使SOD和POD活性分別升高了101.6%和437.4%。 本研究采用t-RFLP技術(shù)分析了不同茬次廣藿香根際土壤與對照土壤細(xì)菌和真菌多樣性的變化,結(jié)果表明：隨著種植年限的增加,細(xì)菌的種類和菌群數(shù)量逐漸下降,優(yōu)勢度和豐富度均降低；土壤真菌的種類和菌群數(shù)量呈先上升后下降的趨勢,二茬土壤中有益菌數(shù)量降低；土壤因子中全鉀和pH是導(dǎo)致微生物多樣性變化的主要因子,細(xì)菌中的青枯雷爾氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)和真菌中的紅辣菇菌(Laccaria laccata)是主要致病菌和拮抗菌。
[Abstract]:Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] is an important aromatic wet herb of Pogostemon (Labiatae). It originates from Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries and is an important medicinal plant. However, with the increase of cultivation years, continuous cropping obstacles of Pogostemon are obvious, showing in the underground part. Root rot, degeneration, root diseases, weak growth of aboveground leaves, poor growth of plants, even the death of the whole plant, resulting in a significant decline in yield and quality, which hindered the large-scale production of Pogostemon cablin. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the causes and mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles of Pogostemon cablin. The allelopathic autotoxicity and mechanism of Pogostemon cablin and the changes of rhizosphere soil factors and microbial diversity after continuous cropping were studied in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for effective control of continuous cropping obstacles of Pogostemon cablin.
The allelopathic autotoxicity potential of aqueous extracts from roots, stems and leaves of Pogostemon cablin on potted seedlings was studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the highest concentration of aqueous extracts from different parts of Pogostemon cablin (1:10) had stronger or weaker autotoxicity on potted seedlings, and the higher concentration of aqueous extracts from roots, stems and leaves (1:10) could make it possible. The changes of plant height, root length, maximum leaf length, total fresh weight and leaf number decreased significantly; compared with the control, the leaf water extract at the concentration of (1:10) decreased the plant height by 99.8% (p0.05). With the increase of leaf and root water extract concentration, the POD and SOD activities of potted seedling leaves increased significantly first and then decreased. The content of POD was increased 99.5% by 284.2%, 71.2% by leaf water extract (1:25) and 137.5% by leaf water extract (1:10). High concentration of leaf and root water extract (1:10) increased the content of MDA in leaves of potted Pogostemon cabbage seedlings, with an increase of 158.3% and 358.3% respectively (p0.05).
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the allelopathic Autotoxicity of Pogostemon cablin rhizosphere soil water extract to Pogostemon cablin potted seedlings. The results showed that the plant height, root length, maximum leaf length, leaf number and total fresh weight of Pogostemon cablin potted seedlings were significantly reduced by high concentration of rhizosphere soil water extract, while the root length was most significantly decreased by 147.1%. (1:1) The total fresh weight of plants was reduced by 19.6% and 22.7% (p0.05) respectively by rhizosphere soil water extract with high concentration (pure concentrate). At the highest concentration (pure concentrate), the contents of SOD, POD and MDA reached 307 ug-1 FW, 1.6 ug-1 FW and 3.3 ug-1 FWh-1.
The allelopathic autotoxicity potential of 8 selected allelochemicals on potted Pogostemon cabbage seedlings was studied by hydroponic culture. The results showed that the highest allelopathic autotoxicity potential was p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The plant height, root length and total fresh weight of Pogostemon cabbage seedlings were reduced by 77.0%, 42.0% and 70.0% (p0.05), respectively, at the highest concentration (200 mu). The effect of benzoic acid on SOD and POD activity was the greatest. The SOD and POD activity increased by 101.6% and 437.4% respectively at the concentration of (50 mu M).
The variation of bacterial and fungal diversity in rhizosphere soils of different stubbles and control soils was analyzed by t-RFLP technique. The results showed that with the increase of planting years, the number of bacterial species and flora decreased gradually, and the dominance and richness of soil fungi decreased. In the second cropping soil, the number of beneficial bacteria decreased, total potassium and pH in soil factors were the main factors leading to the change of microbial diversity, Ralstonia solanacearum in bacteria and Laccaria laccata in fungi were the main pathogenic bacteria and antagonistic bacteria.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S567.239;S154.3
本文編號：2236179
[Abstract]:Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] is an important aromatic wet herb of Pogostemon (Labiatae). It originates from Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines and other Southeast Asian countries and is an important medicinal plant. However, with the increase of cultivation years, continuous cropping obstacles of Pogostemon are obvious, showing in the underground part. Root rot, degeneration, root diseases, weak growth of aboveground leaves, poor growth of plants, even the death of the whole plant, resulting in a significant decline in yield and quality, which hindered the large-scale production of Pogostemon cablin. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the causes and mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles of Pogostemon cablin. The allelopathic autotoxicity and mechanism of Pogostemon cablin and the changes of rhizosphere soil factors and microbial diversity after continuous cropping were studied in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for effective control of continuous cropping obstacles of Pogostemon cablin.
The allelopathic autotoxicity potential of aqueous extracts from roots, stems and leaves of Pogostemon cablin on potted seedlings was studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the highest concentration of aqueous extracts from different parts of Pogostemon cablin (1:10) had stronger or weaker autotoxicity on potted seedlings, and the higher concentration of aqueous extracts from roots, stems and leaves (1:10) could make it possible. The changes of plant height, root length, maximum leaf length, total fresh weight and leaf number decreased significantly; compared with the control, the leaf water extract at the concentration of (1:10) decreased the plant height by 99.8% (p0.05). With the increase of leaf and root water extract concentration, the POD and SOD activities of potted seedling leaves increased significantly first and then decreased. The content of POD was increased 99.5% by 284.2%, 71.2% by leaf water extract (1:25) and 137.5% by leaf water extract (1:10). High concentration of leaf and root water extract (1:10) increased the content of MDA in leaves of potted Pogostemon cabbage seedlings, with an increase of 158.3% and 358.3% respectively (p0.05).
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the allelopathic Autotoxicity of Pogostemon cablin rhizosphere soil water extract to Pogostemon cablin potted seedlings. The results showed that the plant height, root length, maximum leaf length, leaf number and total fresh weight of Pogostemon cablin potted seedlings were significantly reduced by high concentration of rhizosphere soil water extract, while the root length was most significantly decreased by 147.1%. (1:1) The total fresh weight of plants was reduced by 19.6% and 22.7% (p0.05) respectively by rhizosphere soil water extract with high concentration (pure concentrate). At the highest concentration (pure concentrate), the contents of SOD, POD and MDA reached 307 ug-1 FW, 1.6 ug-1 FW and 3.3 ug-1 FWh-1.
The allelopathic autotoxicity potential of 8 selected allelochemicals on potted Pogostemon cabbage seedlings was studied by hydroponic culture. The results showed that the highest allelopathic autotoxicity potential was p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The plant height, root length and total fresh weight of Pogostemon cabbage seedlings were reduced by 77.0%, 42.0% and 70.0% (p0.05), respectively, at the highest concentration (200 mu). The effect of benzoic acid on SOD and POD activity was the greatest. The SOD and POD activity increased by 101.6% and 437.4% respectively at the concentration of (50 mu M).
The variation of bacterial and fungal diversity in rhizosphere soils of different stubbles and control soils was analyzed by t-RFLP technique. The results showed that with the increase of planting years, the number of bacterial species and flora decreased gradually, and the dominance and richness of soil fungi decreased. In the second cropping soil, the number of beneficial bacteria decreased, total potassium and pH in soil factors were the main factors leading to the change of microbial diversity, Ralstonia solanacearum in bacteria and Laccaria laccata in fungi were the main pathogenic bacteria and antagonistic bacteria.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S567.239;S154.3
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