發(fā)布時間：2018-09-02 05:44

【摘要】：土壤肥力是土壤可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎,土壤肥力的高低直接影響著農產品的品質和產量,因此土壤肥力的評價對農業(yè)生產有十分重要的意義。土壤肥力因素的時空變異規(guī)律是評價土壤肥力高低的重要指標,也是指導配方施肥的重要依據(jù)。針對目前土壤肥力評價存在的問題,為了更好地促進農業(yè)信息化、現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展,本文進行了基于GIS與數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術的土壤肥力評價研究,主要研究內容如下:(1)在土壤養(yǎng)分空間數(shù)據(jù)庫的支持下,利用地理信息系統(tǒng)技術中的自然鄰域法插值算法,對農安縣開安鎮(zhèn)2008-2010年連續(xù)三年間精準施肥后土壤養(yǎng)分的空間變異情況進行了研究。繪制了連續(xù)三年的開安鎮(zhèn)土壤堿解氮、速效鉀的空間變異圖,并根據(jù)空間變異圖對該鎮(zhèn)土壤肥力狀況進行了評價。在此基礎上,繪制了土壤堿解氮含量在110-140mg/kg區(qū)間、速效鉀含量在100-160mg/kg區(qū)間的連續(xù)三年面積比重圖。從研究結果可看出:精準施肥后該鎮(zhèn)土壤堿解氮的空間變異特性發(fā)生了明顯變化,土壤堿解氮含量和速效鉀含量在此區(qū)間內的面積比重逐年增大,表明土壤肥力差異性逐漸差異變小。這一結果,為依據(jù)空間分析技術,提高土壤肥力評價的科學性和客觀性探明了一條有效途徑。(2)關聯(lián)規(guī)則挖掘是數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術在農業(yè)領域中應用的重要算法之一,依據(jù)關聯(lián)規(guī)則算法能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)農業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)中屬性之間的相互關聯(lián)性。本文結合土壤養(yǎng)分含量和玉米產量,運用關聯(lián)規(guī)則的數(shù)據(jù)挖掘方法,進行了農安縣開安鎮(zhèn)土壤養(yǎng)分各指標置信度、支持度等關聯(lián)屬性的分析研究,探明了堿解氮、速效鉀、速效磷與玉米產量間的相關性及各屬性間的關聯(lián)度,其挖掘出的知識規(guī)則為評價土壤肥力奠定了一定基礎。(3)針對開安鎮(zhèn)的土壤肥力屬性,運用地理信息系統(tǒng)軟件工程的理論和方法,設計并開發(fā)了基于GIS和數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的土壤肥力評價系統(tǒng)。以開安鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū)域,設計開發(fā)出含有用戶管理、空間數(shù)據(jù)顯示與查詢、專題數(shù)據(jù)編輯與修改、空間專題數(shù)據(jù)分析、關聯(lián)規(guī)則與肥力分析評價等五個功能模塊的土壤肥力評價系統(tǒng)。應用該評價系統(tǒng),為農業(yè)生產提供指導,為決策提供技術支持。本文以空間數(shù)據(jù)庫、地理信息系統(tǒng)、關聯(lián)規(guī)則挖掘為技術進行的土壤肥力評價研究,在此研究基礎上實現(xiàn)的土壤肥力評價系統(tǒng),可以提高農業(yè)技術推廣的現(xiàn)代化水平。
[Abstract]:Soil fertility is the basis of soil sustainable development, and the soil fertility directly affects the quality and yield of agricultural products. Therefore, the evaluation of soil fertility is of great significance to agricultural production. The temporal and spatial variation of soil fertility factors is an important index to evaluate soil fertility and also an important basis to guide the formulation of fertilizer. In order to promote the development of agricultural informatization and modernization, the evaluation of soil fertility based on GIS and data mining technology was studied in this paper. The main research contents are as follows: (1) with the support of soil nutrient spatial database, the natural neighborhood interpolation algorithm in GIS technology is used. The spatial variation of soil nutrients in Kaian Town of Nong'an County during 2008-2010 after precision fertilization was studied. The spatial variation map of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in Kaianzhen for three consecutive years was drawn, and the soil fertility was evaluated according to spatial variation map. On the basis of this, the area specific gravity map of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in 110-140mg/kg region and available potassium content in 100-160mg/kg region was plotted for three consecutive years. It can be seen from the results of the study that the spatial variation characteristics of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in this town have changed obviously after precise fertilization, and the area proportion of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in this area has increased year by year. The results showed that the difference of soil fertility gradually became smaller. The results prove an effective way to improve the scientific and objective evaluation of soil fertility based on spatial analysis technology. (2) Association rule mining is one of the most important algorithms in the application of data mining technology in the field of agriculture. According to the association rules algorithm, the correlation between the attributes in agricultural big data can be found. Based on soil nutrient content and corn yield, this paper analyzed and studied the correlation properties of soil nutrient index confidence and support degree in Kaian Town, Nong'an County by using association rule data mining method. The results showed that alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, and so on. The correlation between available phosphorus and maize yield and the correlation degree among each attribute, the rules of knowledge excavated by them laid a foundation for evaluating soil fertility. (3) aiming at the soil fertility attribute of Kaian Town, Based on the theory and method of GIS software engineering, a soil fertility evaluation system based on GIS and data mining is designed and developed. Taking Kaian Town as the research area, the design and development includes user management, spatial data display and query, thematic data editing and modification, spatial thematic data analysis, Soil fertility evaluation system based on five functional modules, association rules and fertility analysis and evaluation. The application of the evaluation system provides guidance for agricultural production and technical support for decision-making. The soil fertility evaluation system based on spatial database, geographic information system and association rule mining is studied in this paper. Based on this research, the evaluation system of soil fertility can improve the modernization level of agricultural technology extension.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S158;TP311.13

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