【摘要】：氮肥利用率是確定推薦施氮量和施氮效果評價的關鍵參數.本文通過黃土高原黃綿土區(qū)持續(xù)34年(1981—2015年)的長期定位試驗,研究了長期不同施肥處理對氮肥當季利用率和累積利用率的影響及氮肥當季利用率與累積利用率的關系.結果表明:除試驗起始年(1982)外,不同施肥處理對小麥、油菜和胡麻3種作物氮肥的當季利用率和累積利用率都有顯著影響,其中小麥以氮磷鉀配施(NPK)處理平均氮肥當季利用率最高,其次為氮磷配施(NP)處理,分別較單施氮肥(N)處理提高了77.7%和62.0%;油菜也以氮磷鉀配施(NPK)處理平均氮肥當季利用率最高,其次為有機肥與氮磷鉀配施(MNPK)處理,分別較單施氮肥處理提高了93.7%和65.6%.有機肥與氮肥配施(MN)處理氮肥當季利用率較單施氮肥(N)處理顯著增加,而有機肥與氮磷配施(MNP)和氮磷鉀配施(MNPK)處理氮肥當季利用率較相應氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷鉀配施(NPK)處理明顯降低.氮肥當季利用率與作物籽粒產量存在顯著的線性正相關關系,而累積利用率與作物籽粒產量的相關關系不明顯.表明與氮肥累積利用率相比,當季利用率能較及時地反映特定土壤肥力、作物種類、品種和環(huán)境條件下的肥料利用率特征.
[Abstract]:Nitrogen use efficiency is the key parameter to determine the recommended amount of nitrogen application and the evaluation of the effect of nitrogen application. In this paper, the effects of long-term fertilization treatments on the seasonal and cumulative utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the relationship between the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer season and the cumulative utilization rate were studied through a long-term positioning experiment in the loess soil area of the Loess Plateau for 34 years (1981-2015). The results showed that, except for the initial year of the experiment (1982), different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the current season and cumulative utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of wheat, rapeseed and flax crops. The average N use efficiency of wheat treated with N, P and K combined with (NPK) was the highest, followed by N and P combined with (NP), which were 77.7% and 62.0% higher than that of N, P, K and (NPK), respectively, and that of rapeseed with N, P, K and (NPK) was the highest. Secondly, organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were treated with (MNPK), which increased by 93.7% and 65.65.65%, respectively, compared with the treatment of single application of nitrogen fertilizer. The utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer combined with (MN) treatment was significantly higher than that of single nitrogen fertilizer (N) treatment. The utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and (MNP) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined with (MNPK) was significantly lower than that of the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus combined application of (NP) and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with (NPK). There was a significant linear positive correlation between nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and crop grain yield, but there was no significant correlation between cumulative utilization efficiency and crop grain yield. Compared with the cumulative utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the utilization efficiency of the current season can reflect the characteristics of fertilizer utilization under the specific soil fertility, crop types, varieties and environmental conditions in a more timely manner.
【作者單位】： 中國農業(yè)科學院農業(yè)環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究所;甘肅省農業(yè)科學院土壤肥料與節(jié)水農業(yè)研究所;天水市農業(yè)科學研究所;
【基金】：國家科技支撐計劃項目(2012BAD05B06) 益性行業(yè)(農業(yè))科研專項(201203030)資助~~
【分類號】：S147

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