水楊酸減輕水稻高溫傷害的機(jī)理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 20:23
【摘要】：近年來(lái),極端高溫氣候頻發(fā),嚴(yán)重影響水稻產(chǎn)量的形成,研究水稻耐熱性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)栽培技術(shù)可為我國(guó)糧食安全提供重要幫助。作為一種信號(hào)分子,越來(lái)越多的研究表明水楊酸(SA)可顯著增強(qiáng)植物耐熱性,然而有關(guān)水楊酸在水稻的應(yīng)用效果的報(bào)道較少,且其作用機(jī)理還有待闡明。鑒此,本項(xiàng)研究將以耐熱性差異較大的水稻品種為材料,于水稻穎花分化期,花粉母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂期及開花期高溫脅迫10-15d,在比較花期高溫對(duì)水稻葉片及穎花影響差異的基礎(chǔ)上,研究(1)SA減輕高溫抑制水稻穎花分化的作用途徑;(2)高溫下SA防止水稻穎花退化及花粉粒敗育的作用機(jī)制。高溫處理溫度設(shè)計(jì)為39-43℃,水楊酸噴施濃度為0,10,100,1000,10000及50000μmol/L,均于高溫處理前噴施。研究表明:1.花期高溫脅迫對(duì)水稻穎花的傷害大于劍葉。高溫下2個(gè)水稻品種N22和GT937結(jié)實(shí)率均大幅度下降,而劍葉凈光合速率處理間差異不顯著,甚至稍高于常溫處理。水稻穎花及劍葉對(duì)高溫響應(yīng)的差異與其組織溫度有關(guān),40℃高溫天氣下水稻穎花的溫度達(dá)38℃以上,而劍葉僅在35℃左右。高溫下劍葉蒸騰速率比穎花高2倍以上,推測(cè)劍葉較高的蒸騰速率是劍葉溫度較低的主要原因。2.耐熱性差異較大的兩個(gè)水稻品種N22和GT937,40℃高溫下穗溫分別為38.4℃和38.0℃,但N22的結(jié)實(shí)率下降幅度要明顯小于GT937。筆者認(rèn)為可能與穎花抗氧化酶活性的變化有關(guān),高溫下N22穎花抗氧化酶活性的下降幅度較小,而GT937出現(xiàn)大幅度下降的趨勢(shì)。此外,N22高溫處理的穎花MDA含量稍高于對(duì)照,而GT937則顯著高于對(duì)照;3.水稻穎花分化期噴施適宜濃度水楊酸可有效減輕高溫對(duì)穎花分化的影響。高溫下100μmol/L SA處理的超級(jí)稻甬優(yōu)12每穗實(shí)粒數(shù)比0μmol/L處理高近80粒,僅比常溫處理少16粒。SA提高超級(jí)稻甬優(yōu)12每穗粒數(shù)的原因主要有:(1)顯著增強(qiáng)水稻穎花抗氧化酶活性,防止了丙二醛等傷害物質(zhì)含量的增加;(2)促進(jìn)穎花中IAA和BR含量的增加,尤其前者,差異達(dá)顯著水平,從而有利于水稻光合產(chǎn)物向穗部轉(zhuǎn)移,高溫下100μmol/L處理的穎花可溶性糖含量顯著高于0μmol/L就是很好的證明;4.SA可減輕水稻花粉母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂期高溫對(duì)常優(yōu)1號(hào)每穗粒數(shù)及結(jié)實(shí)率的不利影響。高溫下,100μmol/L SA處理的每穗粒數(shù)比0μmol/L多10粒左右,但結(jié)實(shí)率高了近一倍。相對(duì)于0μmol/L處理,100μmol/L處理的花粉粒育性及二次枝梗數(shù)均有所增加,尤其是前者,差異達(dá)顯著水平。此外,該處理的穎花抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量、IAA、BR及ZR含量均顯著高于0μmol/L處理,而MDA及ABA含量顯著低于0μmol/L處理;5.花粉母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂期噴施SA可減輕高溫對(duì)常優(yōu)1號(hào)花粉粒育性的傷害,除10μmol/L處理外,其余濃度處理的花粉粒育性均顯著高于0μmol/L處理。高溫下SA減輕花粉粒敗育主要在于其可減緩花藥抗氧化酶活性的下降,并有效防止花藥中ROS及MDA含量的上升,從而減少花藥絨氈層細(xì)胞程序性死亡(PCD)的產(chǎn)生。
[Abstract]:In recent years, extreme high temperature climate frequently occurs, seriously affecting the formation of rice yield, the study of rice heat tolerance risk cultivation techniques can provide important help for food security in China.As a signal molecule, more and more studies show that salicylic acid (SA) can significantly enhance plant heat tolerance, however, the application of salicylic acid in rice has been reported. In view of this, this study will take rice varieties with different heat tolerance as materials, at the spikelet differentiation stage, pollen mother cell meiosis stage and flowering stage of high temperature stress 10-15 days, on the basis of comparing the difference of high temperature at flowering stage on rice leaves and spikelets, study (1) SA reduces the inhibition of high temperature. The mechanism of SA preventing rice spikelet degeneration and pollen grain abortion under high temperature was studied. The temperature of high temperature treatment was 39-43 C, and the concentration of salicylic acid was 0,10,100,1000,10000 and 50 000 micromol/L, which were sprayed before high temperature treatment. Leaves. The seed setting rates of two rice varieties N22 and GT937 decreased significantly under high temperature, but the difference of net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves was not significant, even slightly higher than that under normal temperature. The difference of response of rice spikelets and flag leaves to high temperature was related to their tissue temperature. The temperature of rice spikelets was above 38 C under high temperature of 40 C, while that of flag leaves was only about 35. The transpiration rate of flag leaf was more than two times higher than that of spikelet at high temperature. It was speculated that the higher transpiration rate of flag leaf was the main reason for the lower temperature of flag leaf. 2. The panicle temperature of two rice varieties N22 and GT937 with different Heat-tolerance was 38.4 and 38.0 respectively at high temperature, but the seed setting rate of N22 decreased significantly less than that of GT937. In addition, the content of MDA was slightly higher than that of the control, while the content of GT937 was significantly higher than that of the control. 3. Spraying salicylic acid at the appropriate concentration at the spikelet differentiation stage could effectively reduce the high-temperature glume pairing in rice. The grain number per panicle of super rice Yongyou 12 treated with 100 micromol/L SA was nearly 80 grains higher than that of 0 micromol/L treatment, only 16 grains less than that of normal temperature treatment. The increase of IAA and BR contents in spikelets, especially in the former, was significant, which facilitated the transfer of Photosynthate to panicles. The soluble sugar content in spikelets treated with 100 micromol/L at high temperature was significantly higher than 0 micromol/L. 4. SA could alleviate the number of grains per panicle and the setting of Changyou 1 under high temperature. Under high temperature, the number of grains per panicle was about 10 more than 0 micromol/L, but the seed setting rate was nearly double. Compared with 0 micromol/L treatment, the fertility of pollen grains and the number of secondary branches of 100 micromol/L treatment increased, especially the former, the difference was significant. The contents of soluble sugar, proline, IAA, BR and ZR were significantly higher than those of 0 micromol/L treatment, while the contents of MDA and ABA were significantly lower than those of 0 micromol/L treatment. 5. Spraying SA at meiosis stage of pollen mother cells could alleviate the damage of high temperature to pollen fertility of Changyou No. 1. Except 10 micromol/L treatment, the fertility of other treatments was significantly higher than that of 0 micromol/L treatment. SA alleviates pollen abortion mainly by slowing down the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and effectively preventing the increase of ROS and MDA contents in anthers, thereby reducing the production of programmed cell death (PCD) in tapetum cells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S42
本文編號(hào)：2190574
[Abstract]:In recent years, extreme high temperature climate frequently occurs, seriously affecting the formation of rice yield, the study of rice heat tolerance risk cultivation techniques can provide important help for food security in China.As a signal molecule, more and more studies show that salicylic acid (SA) can significantly enhance plant heat tolerance, however, the application of salicylic acid in rice has been reported. In view of this, this study will take rice varieties with different heat tolerance as materials, at the spikelet differentiation stage, pollen mother cell meiosis stage and flowering stage of high temperature stress 10-15 days, on the basis of comparing the difference of high temperature at flowering stage on rice leaves and spikelets, study (1) SA reduces the inhibition of high temperature. The mechanism of SA preventing rice spikelet degeneration and pollen grain abortion under high temperature was studied. The temperature of high temperature treatment was 39-43 C, and the concentration of salicylic acid was 0,10,100,1000,10000 and 50 000 micromol/L, which were sprayed before high temperature treatment. Leaves. The seed setting rates of two rice varieties N22 and GT937 decreased significantly under high temperature, but the difference of net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves was not significant, even slightly higher than that under normal temperature. The difference of response of rice spikelets and flag leaves to high temperature was related to their tissue temperature. The temperature of rice spikelets was above 38 C under high temperature of 40 C, while that of flag leaves was only about 35. The transpiration rate of flag leaf was more than two times higher than that of spikelet at high temperature. It was speculated that the higher transpiration rate of flag leaf was the main reason for the lower temperature of flag leaf. 2. The panicle temperature of two rice varieties N22 and GT937 with different Heat-tolerance was 38.4 and 38.0 respectively at high temperature, but the seed setting rate of N22 decreased significantly less than that of GT937. In addition, the content of MDA was slightly higher than that of the control, while the content of GT937 was significantly higher than that of the control. 3. Spraying salicylic acid at the appropriate concentration at the spikelet differentiation stage could effectively reduce the high-temperature glume pairing in rice. The grain number per panicle of super rice Yongyou 12 treated with 100 micromol/L SA was nearly 80 grains higher than that of 0 micromol/L treatment, only 16 grains less than that of normal temperature treatment. The increase of IAA and BR contents in spikelets, especially in the former, was significant, which facilitated the transfer of Photosynthate to panicles. The soluble sugar content in spikelets treated with 100 micromol/L at high temperature was significantly higher than 0 micromol/L. 4. SA could alleviate the number of grains per panicle and the setting of Changyou 1 under high temperature. Under high temperature, the number of grains per panicle was about 10 more than 0 micromol/L, but the seed setting rate was nearly double. Compared with 0 micromol/L treatment, the fertility of pollen grains and the number of secondary branches of 100 micromol/L treatment increased, especially the former, the difference was significant. The contents of soluble sugar, proline, IAA, BR and ZR were significantly higher than those of 0 micromol/L treatment, while the contents of MDA and ABA were significantly lower than those of 0 micromol/L treatment. 5. Spraying SA at meiosis stage of pollen mother cells could alleviate the damage of high temperature to pollen fertility of Changyou No. 1. Except 10 micromol/L treatment, the fertility of other treatments was significantly higher than that of 0 micromol/L treatment. SA alleviates pollen abortion mainly by slowing down the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and effectively preventing the increase of ROS and MDA contents in anthers, thereby reducing the production of programmed cell death (PCD) in tapetum cells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S42
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