麥棉兩熟周年秸稈還田替代化學(xué)鉀肥施入影響棉仁含油量的生理生化基礎(chǔ)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 21:19
【摘要】：從我國鉀肥資源匱乏及轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲棉易缺鉀而秸稈施入可部分替代化學(xué)鉀肥施入的實(shí)際情況出發(fā),為研究棉田化學(xué)鉀肥的秸稈替代施入對棉仁含油量的影響及其生理生化基礎(chǔ)。本試驗(yàn)于2012-2013年在不同肥力土壤類型上設(shè)置麥(轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲)棉兩熟周年秸稈還田與施鉀量定位實(shí)驗(yàn),進(jìn)行麥棉兩熟周年秸稈還田定位試驗(yàn),研究:(1)基于棉籽產(chǎn)量的麥棉兩熟周年秸稈還田替代鉀肥效應(yīng);(2)棉仁油分累積對麥棉兩熟周年秸稈還田替代化學(xué)鉀肥的響應(yīng);(3)棉仁碳氮代謝對麥棉兩熟周年秸稈還田替代化學(xué)鉀肥的響應(yīng)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.短期麥棉兩熟周年秸稈還田根據(jù)還田年限、還田量以及土壤肥力的差異而不同程度地替代化學(xué)鉀肥施用在合理施用氮磷肥基礎(chǔ)上,秸稈還田顯著提高棉籽產(chǎn)量。不同肥力土壤秸稈還田替代鉀肥能力存在處理間、年際間差異。南京試點(diǎn)(基礎(chǔ)土壤速效鉀含量達(dá)155 mg·kg-1),2012年僅小麥秸稈還田量4500 kg·hm-2處理即能起到基本完全替代化學(xué)鉀肥施用;至2013年小麥秸稈還田量4500-9000 kg·hm-2其對應(yīng)的鉀肥替代率為36.5%-87.8%,此時(shí)配施棉花秸稈量9000 kg·hm-2增加6.3%-32.0%的鉀肥替代率。大豐試點(diǎn)(基礎(chǔ)土壤速效鉀含量達(dá)316 mg·kg-1),2012年無須額外施用鉀肥即能保證棉籽產(chǎn)量;2013年除小麥秸稈還田量4500 kg·hm-2、棉花秸稈還田量3750 kg·hm-2(W1C1)(鉀肥替代率為71.7%)處理,其它小麥秸稈還田量4500 kg·hm-2處理均能完全替代化學(xué)鉀肥施用。2.從棉仁油分累積角度來看,秸稈替代化學(xué)鉀肥施入條件下,花后17d、24d的棉仁鉀含量是影響棉仁含油量的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,PPase較G6PDH、PEPc對棉仁油分的影響更為關(guān)鍵。在適宜氮肥(300kgN·hm-2)、磷肥(150kgP2O5·hm-2)水平下,隨著秸稈還田與施鉀逐年進(jìn)行,土壤速效氮、有效磷年際間差異均不顯著,但土壤速效鉀含量年際間存在顯著差異;花后17d、24d是不同處理?xiàng)l件下棉仁含油量差異形成的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期;相較于6-磷酸葡萄糖脫氫酶(G6PDH)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPc),花后17d、24d的磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(PPase)的活性對棉仁油分的通徑系數(shù)更大,表明PPase較G6PDH、PEPc對棉仁油分的影響更為關(guān)鍵。3.從碳源供給與競爭角度來看,秸稈替鉀肥施入增加棉仁發(fā)育前期蔗糖、可溶性糖輸入,提高蔗糖合成酶與轉(zhuǎn)化酶活性,但會(huì)降低棉仁蛋白質(zhì)含量。短期秸稈還田與施鉀處理下,花后17d的可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量顯著增加;生育期內(nèi)的蔗糖轉(zhuǎn)化率、可溶性糖轉(zhuǎn)化率亦明顯升高。除磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)外卜,平均蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)、轉(zhuǎn)化酶(酸性、堿性)活性與蔗糖轉(zhuǎn)化率、可溶性糖轉(zhuǎn)化率呈顯著正相關(guān)。秸稈還田與施鉀降低棉仁發(fā)育過程中的蛋白質(zhì)含量,但提高了GS/GOGAT的酶活峰值。油分的鉀脅迫系數(shù)絕對值大于蛋白質(zhì),說明油分較蛋白質(zhì)對低鉀脅迫更敏感。
[Abstract]:Based on the actual situation that potash fertilizer resource is scarce and transgenic worst-resistant cotton is easy to lack potassium and straw application can partly replace chemical potassium fertilizer application, the effect of straw substitution of chemical potash fertilizer on oil content of cotton kernel and its physiological and biochemical basis are studied. In this experiment, the wheat (transgenic insect-resistant) cotton double cropping annual straw returning and potassium application location experiment were set up in different fertility soil types from 2012 to 2013, and the wheat and cotton double cropping annual straw returning field location experiment was carried out. The results are as follows: (1) the effect of returning wheat and cotton straw to replace potassium fertilizer based on cotton seed yield; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer; (3) the effect of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cotton kernel on returning wheat and cotton annual straw to wheat and cotton annual crop; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer in field; (3) the effect of cotton kernel carbon and nitrogen metabolism on wheat and cotton annual straw returning. The response of field to chemical potassium fertilizer. The main results are as follows: 1. According to the difference of returning years, amount of return and soil fertility, the application of chemical potassium fertilizer was replaced by chemical potassium fertilizer in different degrees. On the basis of rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of cottonseed. The ability of returning soil straw to replace potassium fertilizer in different fertility soils was different from year to year. In Nanjing experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil reached 155mg kg-1), only 4500 kg hm-2 of wheat straw returned to the field in 2012 was able to completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. By 2013, the wheat straw returning amount 4500-9000 kg hm-2 had the corresponding potassium replacement rate of 36.5% and 87.8%, and the replacement rate of potassium fertilizer increased by 6.3- 32.0% with the cotton straw amount of 9000 kg hm-2. In Dafeng experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil was 316mg / kg-1), cotton seed yield could be guaranteed without additional potassium fertilizer in 2012, and the yield of cotton straw was 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) (the substitution rate of potassium fertilizer was 71.7%) in 2013, except wheat straw returning 4500 kg hm-2 and cotton straw returning 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) in 2013. Other wheat straw 4500 kg hm-2 treatment can completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. 2. From the point of view of oil accumulation of cotton kernel, the potassium content of cotton kernel at 17 days after anthesis was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc when straw was applied instead of chemical potash fertilizer, and the content of potassium in cotton kernel was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc at 17 days after anthesis. Under the suitable nitrogen fertilizer (300kgN hm-2) and phosphorus fertilizer (150kgP2O5 hm-2) levels, with the straw returning to the field and applying potassium year by year, there were no significant differences between available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, but there were significant differences in soil available potassium content among different years. At 17 days after anthesis, 24 days was the key period for the formation of oil content difference of cotton kernel under different treatment conditions. Compared with 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the activity of phosphatidylphosphatase (PPase) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc),) at 24 days after anthesis was higher than that of 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which indicated that the effect of PPase on the oil content of cotton kernel was more important than that of G6PDHPc. From the point of view of carbon supply and competition, straw applied potash fertilizer increased sucrose and soluble sugar input, increased the activity of sucrose synthase and invertase, but decreased the protein content of cotton kernel. The content of soluble sugar and sucrose increased significantly at 17 days after anthesis, and the conversion rate of sucrose and the conversion rate of soluble sugar also increased significantly during the growth period. Except for sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), the activity of average sucrose synthase (SuSy), invertase (acidic, alkaline) was positively correlated with the conversion of sucrose and soluble sugar. The application of potassium and straw reduced the protein content during the development of cotton kernel, but increased the peak of GS/GOGAT activity. The absolute value of potassium stress coefficient of oil is higher than that of protein, which indicates that oil is more sensitive to low potassium stress than protein.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S562;S141.4
本文編號：2160757
[Abstract]:Based on the actual situation that potash fertilizer resource is scarce and transgenic worst-resistant cotton is easy to lack potassium and straw application can partly replace chemical potassium fertilizer application, the effect of straw substitution of chemical potash fertilizer on oil content of cotton kernel and its physiological and biochemical basis are studied. In this experiment, the wheat (transgenic insect-resistant) cotton double cropping annual straw returning and potassium application location experiment were set up in different fertility soil types from 2012 to 2013, and the wheat and cotton double cropping annual straw returning field location experiment was carried out. The results are as follows: (1) the effect of returning wheat and cotton straw to replace potassium fertilizer based on cotton seed yield; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer; (3) the effect of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of cotton kernel on returning wheat and cotton annual straw to wheat and cotton annual crop; (2) the response of seed oil accumulation to chemical potassium fertilizer in field; (3) the effect of cotton kernel carbon and nitrogen metabolism on wheat and cotton annual straw returning. The response of field to chemical potassium fertilizer. The main results are as follows: 1. According to the difference of returning years, amount of return and soil fertility, the application of chemical potassium fertilizer was replaced by chemical potassium fertilizer in different degrees. On the basis of rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of cottonseed. The ability of returning soil straw to replace potassium fertilizer in different fertility soils was different from year to year. In Nanjing experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil reached 155mg kg-1), only 4500 kg hm-2 of wheat straw returned to the field in 2012 was able to completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. By 2013, the wheat straw returning amount 4500-9000 kg hm-2 had the corresponding potassium replacement rate of 36.5% and 87.8%, and the replacement rate of potassium fertilizer increased by 6.3- 32.0% with the cotton straw amount of 9000 kg hm-2. In Dafeng experiment (the content of available potassium in basic soil was 316mg / kg-1), cotton seed yield could be guaranteed without additional potassium fertilizer in 2012, and the yield of cotton straw was 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) (the substitution rate of potassium fertilizer was 71.7%) in 2013, except wheat straw returning 4500 kg hm-2 and cotton straw returning 3750 kg hm-2 (W1C1) in 2013. Other wheat straw 4500 kg hm-2 treatment can completely replace chemical potassium fertilizer. 2. From the point of view of oil accumulation of cotton kernel, the potassium content of cotton kernel at 17 days after anthesis was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc when straw was applied instead of chemical potash fertilizer, and the content of potassium in cotton kernel was more critical than that of G6PDH- PEPc at 17 days after anthesis. Under the suitable nitrogen fertilizer (300kgN hm-2) and phosphorus fertilizer (150kgP2O5 hm-2) levels, with the straw returning to the field and applying potassium year by year, there were no significant differences between available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, but there were significant differences in soil available potassium content among different years. At 17 days after anthesis, 24 days was the key period for the formation of oil content difference of cotton kernel under different treatment conditions. Compared with 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), the activity of phosphatidylphosphatase (PPase) of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc),) at 24 days after anthesis was higher than that of 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which indicated that the effect of PPase on the oil content of cotton kernel was more important than that of G6PDHPc. From the point of view of carbon supply and competition, straw applied potash fertilizer increased sucrose and soluble sugar input, increased the activity of sucrose synthase and invertase, but decreased the protein content of cotton kernel. The content of soluble sugar and sucrose increased significantly at 17 days after anthesis, and the conversion rate of sucrose and the conversion rate of soluble sugar also increased significantly during the growth period. Except for sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), the activity of average sucrose synthase (SuSy), invertase (acidic, alkaline) was positively correlated with the conversion of sucrose and soluble sugar. The application of potassium and straw reduced the protein content during the development of cotton kernel, but increased the peak of GS/GOGAT activity. The absolute value of potassium stress coefficient of oil is higher than that of protein, which indicates that oil is more sensitive to low potassium stress than protein.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S562;S141.4
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