不同水肥運(yùn)籌模式對(duì)濱海鹽堿土的控鹽增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)研究
[Abstract]:In the Yellow River Delta region, the fresh water resources are scarce, the soil is barren, the salt content is high, the salt return is fast, and the control effect is difficult to last, which seriously restricts the grain production and the rational utilization of soil resources in this area. It is of great significance to strengthen the management of water and fertilizer in this area and to clarify the effects of different water and fertilizer management modes on the improvement of saline-alkali land and the increase of crop production. It is of great significance to promote the sustainable utilization of soil resources in the Yellow River Delta and to ensure the food security of the country. Based on the project of "Science and Technology demonstration Project of Grain Warehouse in Bohai Sea", this study takes wheat-corn wheel in moderate saline-alkali land as the research object. CK, CM, OCM1OCM2, OM1, OM2, OM2, OM3, OM4, OM4 Fertilizer (1 / 3 topdressing 2 / 3 base fertilizer OM5), organic fertilizer reducing fertilizer (1 / 3 topdressing 2 / 3 base fertilizer / OM6) different fertilization treatments, OM7OM8OM9, corresponding to OM4OM5OM6, which increased the irrigation amount to 2.5 times of SPV (soil pore volume), was used to study the effect of controlling salt and increasing yield of different water and fertilizer operation models. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) in wheat season, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined treatment have the effect of controlling salt content and increasing soil nutrient. Among them, 2.5 times SPV organic fertilizer is the lowest water-soluble salt content in the maturing stage, compared with the blank, the water soluble salt content decreased by 12.6. under the same fertilization measures, the water soluble salt content was the lowest in the operation mode of fertilizer at 1:2. Increasing irrigation amount can reduce the total salt content of 0-20cm soil 11.5-12.6cm-20 ~ 40cm soil total salt content 7.8-9.5cm soil, water and fertilizer management measures are the most effective. (2) from the wheat yield components, Water fertilizer model irrigation 2.5 times SPV organic fertilizer 3600kg 路hm ~ 2, fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O-15-5- 5%) ratio of 1:2, wheat yield 5384.4kg/hm2 was the highest. It is the best water and fertilizer model to apply N-P2O5-K2O18 (-46%) 750kg / hm ~ (2), urea 300kg/hm2 's yield 2908.05kg / hm ~ (2) and increase 85.2g / hm ~ (2), compared with that of conventional irrigation. (3) in the corn mature period, the wheat yield is 2908.05 kg / hm ~ (2) and the yield is 85.2%. (3) during the corn ripening period, the wheat yield is 2908.05 kg / hm ~ (2) and the yield is 85.2%. Compared with CK CM treatment, organic fertilizer 2.5 times SPV irrigation treatment had the effect of reducing soil water soluble salt. The total salt contents of OM4 and OM5 in the treatment of one-off fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O-15-5-5%) were significantly lower than those in other treatments, which were 29.2% lower than that of CK, respectively. In terms of nutrients, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined treatment increased the available nutrients of soil. The content of available phosphorus in OM5 soil was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of OM4, and the content of organic matter in soil OM5 was increased by 42.4% than that of OM2, so it was the best mode of operational research. (4) from the corn yield factor, the content of organic matter in soil of OM5 was higher than that of OM2. Compared with the control, the yield of the treatments increased significantly, and the range was 38.66-65.43. In the treatment of 2.5 times SPV irrigation with organic fertilizer, the corn yield of OM6 treated with single topdressing fertilizer 80 was the highest. It reached 5184.75 kg 路hm ~ (-2), which was 23.14% higher than that of the customary model, indicating that less fertilizer application under the same treatment would not result in corn yield reduction. (5) the 1:2 ratio operation of 3600kg/hm2 fertilizer (N-P _ 2O _ 5-K _ 2O _ (15) -5%) could be used as the local wheat-maize rotation control salt. The main water and fertilizer operation mode of supplying fertilizer and increasing yield steadily.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:S156.42
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