本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)小流域 + 泥沙��； 參考：《水土保持學(xué)報(bào)》2017年05期

【摘要】：為了揭示自然小流域尺度降雨、地形、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)等對(duì)泥沙和磷素輸出的影響,根據(jù)丘陵區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)小流域自然地貌與土地利用特征,設(shè)計(jì)了不同尺度的小流域監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn),分別為蘇榮、截流、大興、萬安,監(jiān)測(cè)面積分別為3.0,34.6,480.3,1 236.4hm~2,并選擇了降雨侵蝕力(R)分別為1 411.5,595.7,391.4 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h)的3場(chǎng)降雨事件監(jiān)測(cè)小流域內(nèi)磷素流失過程特征。結(jié)果表明:(1)以居民點(diǎn)集鎮(zhèn)和耕地為主的蘇榮和截流小流域水文響應(yīng)速度較快,暴雨事件中徑流峰值出現(xiàn)在降雨峰值后的5~10min,較大尺度大興和萬安小流域泥沙濃度峰值與徑流峰值滯后于降雨峰值0.5~3h。(2)3場(chǎng)暴雨徑流中泥沙與全磷、顆粒態(tài)磷均存在較一致的顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(R0.6,P0.01),泥沙、全磷流失負(fù)荷在源頭小流域(蘇榮、截流)最高,3場(chǎng)暴雨蘇榮全磷平均流失負(fù)荷達(dá)到0.36kg/hm~2,萬安小流域泥沙、全磷流失負(fù)荷最低,全磷平均流失負(fù)荷為0.009kg/hm~2。(3)小流域徑流中顆粒態(tài)磷占全磷流失量50%以上。(4)多元回歸分析結(jié)果表明,徑流量和泥沙含量可用于進(jìn)行磷素流失通量預(yù)測(cè)。坡耕地、林地與水田帶狀組合結(jié)構(gòu)可顯著降低小流域泥沙和磷素流失負(fù)荷。研究結(jié)果為計(jì)算丘陵區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)小流域暴雨過程中磷素多尺度流失負(fù)荷提供參考。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the effects of rainfall, topography and land use structure on sediment and phosphorus output in natural small watershed, according to the characteristics of natural landform and land use in agricultural small watershed in hilly region, small watershed monitoring points of different scales were designed. The monitoring area was 3.0 ~ 34.6480.3N ~ 1 236.4hmm2, respectively, and three rainfall events (R = 1 411.5595.7391.4 MJ mm/ (hm~2 h) were selected to monitor the process of phosphorus loss in a small watershed. The results are as follows: (1) the hydrological response speed of Su Rong and closure watershed, which are mainly residential towns and cultivated land, is fast. The peak value of runoff occurred at 5 ~ 10 min after the peak value of rainfall, and the peak value of sediment concentration and runoff in large scale Daxing and Wanan small watershed lagged behind the peak value of rainfall of 0.5 ~ 3 h. (2) sediment and total phosphorus in three rainstorm runoff. There was a significant correlation between granular phosphorus and total phosphorus loss. The sediment and total phosphorus loss load reached 0.36 kg / hm ~ (2) and 0.36 kg / hm ~ (2) respectively in Su Rong (closure), and the total phosphorus loss load was the lowest in Wanan small watershed, and the maximum total phosphorus loss load was 0.36 kg / h ~ (-1) 路h ~ (2) ~ (-1) in the small watershed of Wanan, while the total phosphorus loss load was the lowest in the small watershed of Wanan. The average load of total phosphorus loss is 0.009 kg / h ~ (-1) 2. (3) Particle phosphorus in runoff of small watershed accounts for more than 50% of total phosphorus loss. (4) the results of multivariate regression analysis show that runoff and sediment content can be used to predict phosphorus loss flux. The belt structure of sloping farmland, woodland and paddy field can significantly reduce the load of sediment and phosphorus loss in small watershed. The results provide a reference for the calculation of multi-scale phosphorus loss load during rainstorm in agricultural small watershed in hilly region.
【作者單位】： 綿陽師范學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部成都山地災(zāi)害與環(huán)境研究所;
【基金】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院STS項(xiàng)目(KFJ-SW-STS-142) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41371241,41430750) 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200309-7)
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X712

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