發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-04 18:21

  本文選題：水源涵養(yǎng) + 保育土壤�。� 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：洞庭湖位于湖南省北部,是我國重要的湖泊生態(tài)功能區(qū)。近年來,人類不合理活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致湖泊的面積逐年縮小,濕地功能和生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)生了較大的變化。三峽水利樞紐的建成,對(duì)于長(zhǎng)江與洞庭湖的關(guān)系是一個(gè)巨大的改變,江湖關(guān)系由此進(jìn)入了一個(gè)全新的階段。本文以洞庭湖區(qū)兩種森林類型為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合洞庭湖區(qū)林分類型的實(shí)際特點(diǎn),采用野外定位觀測(cè)和室內(nèi)分析方法,對(duì)洞庭湖區(qū)兩種森林類型的水土保持功能進(jìn)行研究,并運(yùn)用主成分分析法對(duì)該區(qū)域森林水土保持功能進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明：(1)洞庭湖區(qū)森林植被對(duì)水文過程起到了一定的調(diào)節(jié)作用,對(duì)土壤起到了保育作用。在水源涵養(yǎng)方面,不同林地的灌草層、枯落物層持水量與其貯量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,灌草層持水量在0.78～2.70 t·hm-2之間；枯落物層持水量在3.83～5.38t·hm-2之間；林地土壤0-45cm范圍內(nèi)最大蓄水量為1851.40～2398.83t·hmz,0～45cm土壤有效蓄水量范圍為472.37 t·hm2-606.11 t·hm-2。土壤有效蓄水量平均值大小為楊樹林(2206.50t·hm-2)杉木林(2235.91 t·hm-2)。相對(duì)于楊樹林而言,杉木林的土壤蓄水能力較強(qiáng)。在保育土壤方面,不同林地土壤侵蝕量在2.03～4.13t·hm-2·a-1之間,林地保持土壤量為33.45～35.55 t·hm-2·a-1.因森林植被對(duì)林地土壤的保護(hù)作用,林地每年減少流失的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為539.04～658.37kg·hm-2,全N 26.09～31.06kg·hm-2全P 16～23.07kg·hm-2,全K72.06～92.67kg·hm-2。(2)林地土壤0～45cm范圍內(nèi),土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、土壤全N、全P含量隨著土壤深度的增大而減小,土壤全K含量隨著土壤深度的增大而增大。(3)運(yùn)用主成分分析方法,對(duì)不同林地水土保持功能進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)表明：相對(duì)于楊樹林而言,杉木林的水土保持功能較強(qiáng)。具體表現(xiàn)為：澧縣杉木林2澧縣杉木林1岳陽縣杉木林1漢壽楊樹林1岳陽縣杉木林2沅江楊樹林1沅江楊樹林2漢壽楊樹林2。以上研究結(jié)果為洞庭湖區(qū)水土保持功能研究提供了基礎(chǔ)參考數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)該區(qū)森林植被的建設(shè)和保護(hù)起到一定理論指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:Dongting Lake, located in the north of Hunan Province, is an important ecological functional area of lakes in China. In recent years, human unreasonable activities have led to the reduction of lake area year by year, and great changes have taken place in wetland function and ecological environment. The completion of the three Gorges Project is a great change to the relationship between the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake, and the relationship between the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake has entered a new stage. In this paper, the soil and water conservation functions of two forest types in Dongting Lake region were studied by using field positioning observation and indoor analysis method, combining with the actual characteristics of forest types in Dongting Lake region. The function of forest soil and water conservation in this area was evaluated by principal component analysis. The results show that: (1) the forest vegetation in Dongting Lake region plays a role in regulating the hydrological process and protecting the soil. In terms of water conservation, there was a positive correlation between the capacity of litter layer and its storage in different forest land, the water holding capacity of shrub layer was between 0.78 ~ 2.70 t / hm-2, and that of litter layer was between 3.83 ~ 5.38 t / hm-2. The maximum water storage capacity in the 0-45cm range of forest soil was 472.37 t hm2-606.11 t hm-2, which was 2398.83 t 路hmz0 ~ (-1) t 路h ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1). The average value of soil available water storage was 2235.91 t hm-2 in poplar forest (2206.50 t hm-2) and Chinese fir forest (2235.91 t hm-2). Compared with poplar forest, the soil water storage capacity of Chinese fir forest is stronger. In the aspect of soil conservation, the soil erosion amount of different forest land was between 2.03 ~ 4.13 t hm-2 a ~ (-1), and the soil amount of forest land was 33.45 ~ 35.55 t hm-2 a ~ (-1). Because of the protective effect of forest vegetation on forestland soil, the content of organic matter reduced by forest land every year is 539.04~658.37kg hm-2, total N 26.09~31.06kg hm-2 total P 16~23.07kg hm-2, total K72.06 ~ 92.67 kg hm-2. (2) soil organic matter in the range of 0~45cm in forestland soil. The content of total N and total P decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the total K content of soil increased with the increase of soil depth. (3) Principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The comprehensive evaluation of soil and water conservation function of different forest land showed that the soil and water conservation function of Chinese fir forest was stronger than that of poplar forest. The concrete manifestation is: Lixian Cunninghamia lanceolata forest 2 Lixian Cunninghamia lanceolata forest 1 Yueyang county Cunninghamia lanceolata forest 1 Hanshou poplar forest 1 Yueyang county Chinese fir forest 2 Yuanjiang poplar forest 1 Yuanjiang poplar forest 2 Hanshou poplar forest 2. The above results provide basic reference data for the study of soil and water conservation function in Dongting Lake area and play a certain theoretical guiding role in the construction and protection of forest vegetation in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S714.7

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本文編號(hào)：2096953