本文選題：土地復(fù)墾 + 黃土區(qū)��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的多孔物質(zhì),疏松的土壤微粒所形成孔隙的大小,數(shù)目,幾何形狀以及分布都是極為復(fù)雜的。露天煤礦排土場(chǎng)土壤的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)在排土過(guò)程中由于受到大型機(jī)械壓實(shí)而遭到破壞,因此重構(gòu)一個(gè)適合于復(fù)墾植被生長(zhǎng)的土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)是礦區(qū)土壤重構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)前對(duì)于土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的定量化表征是一個(gè)難題,以往研究中的土壤孔隙度、連通性等描述土壤孔隙的參數(shù)只能反映孔隙的部分特點(diǎn),不能充分表征孔隙的復(fù)雜性質(zhì)。為了更好的定量表征排土場(chǎng)重構(gòu)土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),分析排土和復(fù)墾對(duì)土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,本文采用現(xiàn)代化先進(jìn)的高精度無(wú)損計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描技術(shù)(CT)對(duì)山西省平朔礦區(qū)安太堡露天煤礦排土場(chǎng)平臺(tái)全黃土覆蓋的不同復(fù)墾年限(0年、20年、23年)以及原地貌的土壤進(jìn)行分層掃描成像,引入土壤多重分形理論,對(duì)土壤孔隙分布的多重分形參數(shù)廣義維數(shù)譜D(q)、多重分形奇異性指數(shù)α(q)以及多重分形譜函數(shù)f(α(q))等參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,并對(duì)不同分形參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)用CT掃描和計(jì)算機(jī)圖形軟件相結(jié)合的方法可以準(zhǔn)確地分析出排土場(chǎng)重構(gòu)土壤孔隙的大小、數(shù)目等分布狀況;(2)隨著復(fù)墾年限的增加,復(fù)墾后土壤孔隙數(shù)量及孔隙度有較大改善,但仍未達(dá)到原地貌水平;(3)黃土區(qū)大型露天煤礦排土場(chǎng)重構(gòu)土壤孔隙分布具有明顯的多重分形特征,容量維D(0)、信息維D(1)、容量維數(shù)與信息熵維數(shù)的差值D(0)-D(1)、多重分形譜譜寬度Δα和Δf都能較好地從不同角度反映土壤孔隙分布的非均質(zhì)特征;(4)復(fù)墾植被改善土壤孔隙的效果比較明顯,復(fù)墾年限較長(zhǎng)的土壤孔隙孔徑的分布范圍較寬、土壤孔隙分布測(cè)度集中、土壤孔隙變異程度大、孔徑分布離散度較小,土壤多重分形的各指標(biāo)都較好,而剛復(fù)墾還未進(jìn)行植被恢復(fù)的土壤孔隙各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與原地貌比較差異明顯;(5)重構(gòu)土壤孔隙分布多重分形參數(shù)之間具有較好的相關(guān)性,可以簡(jiǎn)化選擇D(0)、D(1)和Δα(或D(0)、ΔD和Δf)三個(gè)參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)黃土區(qū)重構(gòu)土壤孔隙組成分布的定量表征。本研究可為黃土區(qū)露天煤礦排土場(chǎng)土地復(fù)墾以及重構(gòu)土壤孔隙的定量化表征提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Soil is a complex porous material. The size, number, geometry and distribution of pores formed by loose soil particles are extremely complex. The pore structure of soil in the dump of open pit coal mine is destroyed by large mechanical compaction in the process of dumping, so it is the basis of soil reconstruction to reconstruct a soil pore structure suitable for the growth of reclamation vegetation. At present, the quantitative characterization of soil pore structure is a difficult problem. The parameters such as soil porosity and connectivity in previous studies can only reflect some of the characteristics of the pore, but can not fully characterize the complex properties of the pore. In order to quantitatively characterize the pore structure of the soil in the dump, the effects of soil dump and reclamation on the pore structure of the soil were analyzed. In this paper, modern and advanced computerized tomography (CT) technique is used to reclaim different reclamation years (0, 20, 23 years) and original geomorphology of the flat loess covering the dump of Antaibao opencast coal mine in Pingshuo mining area, Shanxi Province. The soil is scanned by stratification, Based on soil multifractal theory, the generalized dimension spectrum D (q), multifractal singularity exponent 偽 (q) and multifractal spectrum function f (偽 (q) of soil pore distribution are calculated, and the relationships among different fractal parameters are analyzed. It is found that: (1) the size and number of soil pores can be accurately analyzed by using the method of CT scanning and computer graphics software; (2) with the increase of reclamation years, the size and number of soil pores can be accurately analyzed. After reclamation, the amount of soil porosity and porosity have been improved, but still not up to the original geomorphological level. (3) the distribution of soil pore in the reconstructed dump of large open pit coal mine in loess area has obvious multifractal characteristics. The difference between capacity dimension D (0), information dimension D (1), capacity dimension and information entropy dimension D (0) -D (1), multifractal spectrum width 螖 偽 and 螖 f can better reflect the heterogeneous characteristics of soil pore distribution from different angles. The distribution range of pore size of soil with longer reclamation years is wider, the distribution of soil pore is concentrated, the variation degree of soil pore is large, the dispersion of pore size distribution is small, and all indexes of soil multifractal are better. However, the indexes of soil pores which have not been reclaimed by vegetation have significant differences with the original landforms. (5) there is a good correlation between the multifractal parameters of soil pore distribution and the reconstruction of soil pore distribution. It can be simplified to select D (0) D (1) and 螖 偽 (or D (0), 螖 D and 螖 f) to characterize the distribution of pore composition of reconstructed soil in loess area. This study can provide theoretical basis for land reclamation in open pit dump and quantitative characterization of soil porosity in loess area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S152

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