發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-03 19:34

  本文選題：節(jié)肢動(dòng)物 + 生物多樣性　； 參考：《應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年12期

【摘要】：農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,是全球生態(tài)與環(huán)境研究的關(guān)鍵區(qū)之一.為了研究農(nóng)田生物群落構(gòu)建過程,探索其多樣性維持機(jī)理,本研究于2015年在東北典型黑土區(qū)建立了16 hm~2的農(nóng)田生物多樣性監(jiān)測(cè)樣地,按照作物生長(zhǎng)期,于玉米生長(zhǎng)大喇叭口期(8月初)、抽穗期(9月初)和成熟期(10月初)對(duì)陷阱法獲取的地表大型節(jié)肢動(dòng)物進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析.結(jié)果表明:3次調(diào)查共獲得地表大型節(jié)肢動(dòng)物5284只,隸屬于節(jié)肢動(dòng)物門3綱12目32科47種.調(diào)查中優(yōu)勢(shì)類群3類,常見類群11類.節(jié)肢動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)功能群中植食性和雜食性節(jié)肢動(dòng)物所占比重較大.地表大型節(jié)肢動(dòng)物物種數(shù)量和個(gè)體數(shù)量隨作物生長(zhǎng)期有顯著變化.9月初節(jié)肢動(dòng)物的Shannon多樣性指數(shù)、Margalef豐富度指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)相對(duì)較高,8月初Simpson優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)較高.從不同物種的變異系數(shù)(CV)及群落空間插值可以看出,節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落在水平方向上存在異質(zhì)性.在與土壤環(huán)境因子關(guān)系上,雙變量相關(guān)分析表明,不同月份地表大型節(jié)肢動(dòng)物總個(gè)體數(shù)與土壤p H值、有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、含水量的相關(guān)性均未達(dá)到顯著性水平;典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析(CCA)進(jìn)一步表明,優(yōu)勢(shì)類群和常見類群對(duì)環(huán)境因子具有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)能力,在研究區(qū)內(nèi)分布廣泛.農(nóng)田生物多樣性監(jiān)測(cè)樣地內(nèi)地表節(jié)肢動(dòng)物物種組成豐富,在作物不同生長(zhǎng)時(shí)期地表節(jié)肢動(dòng)物群落組成及空間分布格局具有明顯的變化過程.農(nóng)田生物多樣性監(jiān)測(cè)樣地通過大尺度、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)樣地內(nèi)土壤動(dòng)物空間過程進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),可以為解決群落生物多樣性形成和維持機(jī)制提供重要手段.
[Abstract]:Farmland ecosystem is an important part of terrestrial ecosystem and one of the key areas of global ecological and environmental research. In order to study the process of farmland biota construction and explore the mechanism of its diversity maintenance, 16 hm~2 farmland biodiversity monitoring plots were established in the typical black soil region of Northeast China in 2015, according to crop growth period. The surface macroarthropods obtained by trap method were statistically analyzed at the stage of big bell mouth (early August), heading stage (early September) and maturity stage (early October). The results showed that 5284 large arthropods, belonging to 32 families, 32 families and 47 species of 3 classes and 12 orders of Arthropoda, were obtained from three surveys. In the investigation, there are 3 dominant groups and 11 common groups. Vegetative and omnivorous arthropods account for a large proportion of vegetative functional groups of arthropods. The number of species and individuals of large arthropods on the surface varied significantly with the crop growth period. The Shannon diversity index Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index of arthropods in early September were higher than those in early August and the Simpson dominance index was higher in early August. From the coefficient of variation (CV) of different species and the spatial interpolation of the community, we can see that there is heterogeneity in the horizontal direction of arthropod community. In relation to soil environmental factors, bivariate correlation analysis showed that the correlation between soil pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, water content and total individual number of surface macroarthropod in different months was not significant. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) further showed that dominant groups and common groups had strong adaptability to environmental factors and were widely distributed in the study area. The species composition of surface arthropods is abundant in the farmland biodiversity monitoring plots, and the community composition and spatial distribution pattern of surface arthropods in different growing stages of crops have obvious change process. Monitoring the spatial processes of soil animals in farmland biodiversity monitoring plots on a large scale and for a long time can provide an important means to solve the formation and maintenance mechanism of community biodiversity.
【作者單位】： 吉林大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所濕地生態(tài)與環(huán)境重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;哈爾濱師范大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(41430857)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S181
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本文編號(hào)：2094767