本文選題：黃泥田 + 供鉀能力��； 參考：《植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報》2017年03期

【摘要】：【目的】基于連續(xù)30年南方低產(chǎn)黃泥田培肥定位試驗,研究土壤全鉀、速效鉀、緩效鉀含量與鉀素盈虧特性,明確鉀肥投入量與產(chǎn)量的關系,以期為黃泥田鉀素肥力定向培育及水稻鉀肥施用提供科學依據(jù)。【方法】定位監(jiān)測不施肥(CK)、單施化肥(NPK)、化肥+牛糞(NPKM)、化肥+全部稻草還田(NPKS)四種施肥處理代表性年份耕層土壤鉀素含量動態(tài)變化,分析各形態(tài)鉀素間及與有機碳含量的關系,并于相鄰集中年份2010、2011、2013、2014年采集植株樣品以評價土壤鉀素水平、土壤鉀素盈虧、植株養(yǎng)分對鉀肥投入量的響應。【結果】30年施肥處理下,土壤全鉀含量平均較CK增加2.2%~5.0%,且雙季稻年份不同處理差異較單季稻年份大,速效鉀含量歷年平均較CK增加43.9%~102.4%,以NPKS增加最為明顯,而不同處理的土壤緩效鉀含量無明顯差異。土壤速效鉀含量與全鉀呈顯著正相關,土壤全鉀、速效鉀含量與有機碳均呈極顯著正相關。各施肥處理提高了收獲期植株鉀含量與累積量。NPKS處理每年盈余鉀素(K2O)101.1 kg/hm2,其余處理每年虧缺幅度為 89.4~ 18.6 kg/hm2。鉀肥用量、速效鉀含量、土壤鉀素盈虧量相互間呈極顯著正相關,可推算出外源鉀肥(K2O)每年投入量達到161.8 kg/hm2時,土壤鉀素處于持平狀態(tài),其對應的土壤速效鉀含量為95.3mg/kg。鉀肥用量、速效鉀含量、土壤鉀素盈虧量及籽粒鉀含量均與植株產(chǎn)量呈顯著正相關。【結論】水稻增產(chǎn)效果與土壤鉀肥投入量、速效鉀含量及鉀素盈虧量有關。黃泥田土壤速效鉀較緩效鉀、全鉀更直接反映生產(chǎn)力水平。長期施肥提高了黃泥田土壤全鉀與速效鉀含量,NPK化肥加秸稈還田對增加土壤鉀素盈余與提升速效鉀效果要明顯優(yōu)于單施NPK化肥或NPK肥配合糞肥。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the characteristics of soil total potassium, available potassium, slow available potassium content and potassium profit and loss, and to determine the relationship between potassium input and yield based on the fertilization localization experiment of low yield yellow mud fields in southern China for 30 consecutive years. In order to provide scientific basis for the directional cultivation of potassium fertility in yellow mud field and the application of potash fertilizer in rice. [methods] four representative fertilization treatments, CK, NPK, NPKM and NPKS, were studied. The dynamic change of potassium content in topsoil in different years, The relationship between various forms of potassium and organic carbon content was analyzed, and the plant samples were collected in 2010 / 2011 / 2013.In 2014, the soil potassium level and the profit and loss of soil potassium were evaluated. The response of plant nutrient to potassium fertilizer input. [results] under 30 years fertilization, the total potassium content of soil increased by 2.2% and 5.0% than CK on average, and the difference between different treatments of double-cropping rice was greater than that of single-cropping rice. The content of available potassium increased by 43.9% and 102.4%, especially NPKS, but there was no significant difference between different treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available potassium and total potassium, and between soil available potassium and organic carbon. The potassium content and accumulation of plants at harvest stage were increased by fertilization. NPKS treatment increased the annual surplus potassium (K _ 2O) by 101.1 kg 路hm ~ 2 路hm ~ (2). The annual deficit range of the other treatments was 89.4 ~ 18.6 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2). The amount of potassium fertilizer, the content of available potassium and the profit and loss of soil potassium were significantly positively correlated with each other. When the amount of K _ 2O input reached 161.8 kg/hm2 per year, the soil potassium content was flat, and the corresponding soil available potassium content was 95.3 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) of soil potassium. There was a significant positive correlation between potassium fertilizer amount, available potassium content, soil potassium profit and loss amount and grain potassium content. [conclusion] the yield of rice was related to the amount of soil potassium fertilizer, available potassium content and the amount of potassium profit and loss. [conclusion] the effect of increasing rice yield is related to the amount of soil potassium fertilizer input, the content of available potassium and the amount of potassium profit and loss. Soil available potassium in yellow mud field is more slowly available potassium, total potassium more directly reflects the productivity level. Long-term fertilization increased soil total potassium and available potassium content NPK fertilizer plus straw returning to the field had significantly better effects on increasing soil potassium surplus and promoting available potassium than only NPK fertilizer or NPK fertilizer combined with manure.
【作者單位】： 福建省農業(yè)科學院土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：省屬公益類科研院所科研專項(2016R1021-2,2015R1022-5) 公益性行業(yè)(農業(yè))科研專項(201203030) 福建省農科院PI創(chuàng)新團隊項目(2016PI-31)資助
【分類號】：S158

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