發(fā)布時間：2018-06-26 04:14

  本文選題：苜蓿夜蛾 + 昆蟲雷達(dá)　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：苜蓿夜蛾(鱗翅目夜蛾科)是棉花、大豆、玉米、苜蓿等多種經(jīng)濟(jì)作物上的重要害蟲,目前對其遠(yuǎn)距離遷飛規(guī)律和空中飛行行為知之甚少。遷飛是昆蟲躲避不良生境/開拓時空新資源的特殊行為對策,也是導(dǎo)致蟲害突然暴發(fā)和植物病害大流行的重要原因。東亞季風(fēng)為昆蟲跨區(qū)域遷飛提供了穩(wěn)定的風(fēng)溫背景場,而渤海海峽是我國北方最重要的昆蟲遷飛通道,明確苜蓿夜蛾跨海遷飛的種群波動規(guī)律及其行為學(xué)參數(shù),對揭示該蟲的內(nèi)在災(zāi)變機(jī)理、提高監(jiān)測預(yù)警水平和實現(xiàn)“源頭”治理等具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文綜合運用昆蟲雷達(dá)、高空測報燈、卵巢解剖、等技術(shù)和方法,于2003-2014年在渤海海峽中心區(qū)域海島對苜蓿夜蛾的跨海遷飛進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、苜蓿夜蛾的跨海遷飛行為不是偶發(fā)性事件,而是常發(fā)性的生態(tài)學(xué)現(xiàn)象。其種群數(shù)量存在顯著的季節(jié)性差異,夏季最高、秋季次之、春季的誘集量最少。苜蓿夜蛾跨海遷飛的最早首現(xiàn)日為5月初,最晚結(jié)束日為10月初,平均遷飛期為116.5±5.6d。2、苜蓿夜蛾跨海遷飛種群波動具有顯著的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律,其最優(yōu)時間格局可劃分為5個時期,即北遷初期、北遷盛期、過渡期、回遷盛期和回遷末期。其中回遷期的種群數(shù)量與北遷期相比,平均增長了10倍左右,表明東北農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)對昆蟲回遷的“瓶頸”效應(yīng)和沉集現(xiàn)象不明顯,即春夏季昆蟲隨東亞季風(fēng)向高緯度地區(qū)跨海遷飛,能夠給其后代種群帶來顯著的生態(tài)/生殖收益,具有顯著的生物進(jìn)化意義。3、2009-2014年苜蓿夜蛾北遷種群的平均交配率和卵巢發(fā)育級別均顯著高于回遷種群,即北遷種群可能來自離監(jiān)測點較遠(yuǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū),經(jīng)過數(shù)晚連續(xù)遷飛后被本站誘集到,這部分種群的遷飛行為并不符合“卵子發(fā)生-飛行拮抗綜合癥”。但8-9月份的回遷種群,其交配率和卵巢發(fā)育均維持在較低水平,支持了昆蟲遷飛發(fā)生于雌蟲稚嫩期的觀點;該時期誘集到的這部分雌蟲,可能從監(jiān)測站北部較近的地方起飛,也可能與其自身的生理發(fā)育特點有關(guān)。4、苜蓿夜蛾跨海遷飛種群的飛行高度主要集中在距地面100-250m的高度,溫度是影響其垂直分布的重要因素,其最大體積密度均出現(xiàn)在逆溫層頂附近,且呈單層分布。苜蓿夜蛾跨海遷飛種群的頭部指向均為順風(fēng)方向而非離散分布,表明該蟲具有顯著的共同定向行為。苜蓿夜蛾跨海種群并非完全順風(fēng)飛行,其頭部指向與風(fēng)向存在一定夾角,即當(dāng)風(fēng)向不利于種群定向飛行時(偏離其季節(jié)性偏好方向),該蟲可通過調(diào)整頭部指向?qū)ξ灰品较蜃龀鲂Ｕ?br/>[Abstract]:Alfalfa (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) is an important pest in cotton, soybean, corn, alfalfa and other economic crops. Migration is a special behavior countermeasure for insects to avoid bad habitats and exploit new resources in time and space, and it is also an important reason for sudden outbreak of insect pests and the pandemic of plant diseases. The East Asian monsoon provides a stable wind temperature background field for insect transregional migration, and the Bohai Strait is the most important channel for insect migration in the north of China. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to reveal the inherent catastrophic mechanism of the insect, to improve the level of monitoring and early warning and to realize the "source" control. In this paper, using insect radar, high-altitude report lamp, ovary anatomy and other techniques and methods, the transoceanic migration of alfalfa noctura was systematically monitored in the central area of the Bohai Strait from 2003 to 2014. The main results are as follows: (1) the transoceanic migration behavior of alfalfa Spodoptera sativa is not an accidental event, but a frequent ecological phenomenon. There were significant seasonal differences in population number, the highest in summer, the second in autumn, and the least in spring. The first day of transoceanic migration was early May, the last end day was early October, and the average migration period was 116.5 鹵5.6d.2. the fluctuation of Sea-crossing migration population had significant seasonal variation, and the optimal time pattern could be divided into five periods. That is, the early period of northward migration, the peak period of northward migration, the transition period, the peak period of return and the end of return. The population number in the return period increased by about 10 times compared with that in the north migration period, indicating that the "bottleneck" effect and sedimentation phenomenon of the return migration of insects in the northeast agricultural region are not obvious, that is, the insects migrate across the sea with the East Asian monsoon to the high latitudes in spring and summer. It can bring significant ecological / reproductive benefits to its progeny population, and has significant evolutionary significance. The average mating rate and ovarian development level of northward migration population of alfalfa Spodoptera exigua in 2009-2014 were significantly higher than those of returning population. That is to say, the northward migration population may come from an agricultural area far away from the monitoring point, and after several nights of continuous migration, the migration behavior of these populations is not in accordance with the "oogenesis flight antagonistic syndrome". However, the mating rate and ovarian development of the migration population in August and September remained at a relatively low level, which supported the idea that insect migration occurred during the immature period of female insects, which may have taken off from the northern part of the monitoring station. It may also be related to its own physiological characteristics. 4. The flying height of alfalfa Spodoptera exigua migrating population across the sea is mainly concentrated in the height of 100-250 m above the ground, and temperature is an important factor affecting its vertical distribution. The maximum volume density appears near the top of the inversion layer and is distributed in a single layer. The head orientation of alfalfa Spodoptera exigua migrating population across the sea was in the direction of downwind rather than discrete distribution, which indicated that the insect had a common directional behavior. The sea crossing population of Noctuidae alfalfa does not fly completely downwind, and its head direction has a certain angle with the wind direction. That is, when the wind direction is not conducive to the directional flight of the population (deviating from its seasonal preferred direction), the insect can correct the displacement direction by adjusting the head direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433

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