本文選題：黃河下游河道 + 決口��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃河下游河道的歷次決口、改道、變遷、沖積等活動(dòng)塑造了大片易受風(fēng)蝕的的沙丘、沙崗、沖積扇等地形,在風(fēng)力及人為活動(dòng)的影響下,形成了大規(guī)模的風(fēng)沙化土地,風(fēng)沙危害頗為突出。但是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),河南省黃泛平原風(fēng)沙化土地問(wèn)題未能引起足夠的重視。時(shí)至今日,黃泛平原風(fēng)沙區(qū)范圍的界定仍缺少充分的依據(jù),關(guān)于易風(fēng)蝕性土地的研究更為缺乏。因此,本文利用黃河下游河道決口變遷的文字記載、古河道地圖及其他學(xué)者的相關(guān)研究成果,對(duì)其各個(gè)時(shí)期的決口、變遷過(guò)程進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)整合,結(jié)合其對(duì)下游平原地區(qū)地形地貌的影響分析,界定黃泛平原風(fēng)沙區(qū)的特征,對(duì)黃泛平原風(fēng)沙區(qū)范圍的劃分展開研究。同時(shí)基于TM、ALOS等遙感影像,采用非監(jiān)督分類的方法,提取土地利用信息,并結(jié)合河南土壤數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)河南黃泛平原易風(fēng)蝕性土地的現(xiàn)狀、變化特征進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析與研究。通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)河南黃泛平原風(fēng)沙區(qū)的成因主要包括歷史成因、自然成因及人為影響。其中歷史成因指黃河下游河道的歷次決口改道形成極易侵蝕的土壤下墊面;自然成因?yàn)楹导竞惋L(fēng)速兩者在時(shí)間序列上一致性;人為影響為區(qū)域內(nèi)高密度人口與高強(qiáng)度人為活動(dòng)。(2)根據(jù)河南黃泛平原風(fēng)沙區(qū)的區(qū)域特征制定劃分原則,將開封、商丘、鄭州、焦作、鶴壁、濮陽(yáng)、新鄉(xiāng)、安陽(yáng)8市36個(gè)縣劃為黃泛平原風(fēng)沙區(qū),總面積3.72萬(wàn)km2,占河南省總面積的22.28%。(3)旱地為黃泛平原風(fēng)沙區(qū)易受風(fēng)蝕的土地利用類型。1990年,研究區(qū)旱地面積為17493.03 km2,主要分布永城市、開封縣、中牟縣、滑縣、商丘市、原陽(yáng)縣、虞城縣、夏邑縣、濮陽(yáng)縣、內(nèi)黃縣、長(zhǎng)垣縣、新鄭市、尉氏縣、柘城縣、武陟縣、封丘縣等縣。2000年,研究區(qū)旱地面積為10152.10 km2,主要分布在永城市、滑縣、延津縣、開封縣、長(zhǎng)垣縣、夏邑縣、杞縣、中牟縣、蘭考縣、通許縣、內(nèi)黃縣、寧陵縣、尉氏縣等。2010年,研究區(qū)旱地面積為3305.62 km2,主要分布在內(nèi)黃縣、長(zhǎng)垣縣、開封縣、濮陽(yáng)縣、中牟縣、封丘縣、清豐縣、衛(wèi)輝市、延津縣、滑縣、武陟縣、�？h、濮陽(yáng)市華龍區(qū)等縣。(4)綜合研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤類型、土壤質(zhì)地、土壤粒徑組成、土壤風(fēng)蝕可蝕性分析等因素,確定區(qū)域內(nèi)易蝕性土壤主要有8類:壤質(zhì)潮土、壤質(zhì)灌淤潮土、砂質(zhì)灌淤潮土、砂質(zhì)潮土、砂質(zhì)脫潮土、砂質(zhì)氯化物鹽化潮土、固定草甸風(fēng)沙土、半固定草甸風(fēng)沙土。(5)研究區(qū)內(nèi)易風(fēng)蝕性土地是指表層土壤為易蝕性土壤的旱地。1990年,易風(fēng)蝕性土地總面積11858.75 km2,占研究區(qū)總面積的31.84%,占耕地總面積的37.45%,占旱地總面積的67.79%。主要分布在中牟縣、開封縣、滑縣、原陽(yáng)縣、內(nèi)黃縣中部和南部、長(zhǎng)垣縣、尉氏縣西部、虞城縣、夏邑縣等地。2000年,易風(fēng)蝕性土地總面積7468.11m2,占研究區(qū)總面積的20.05%,占耕地總面積的25.32%,占旱地總面積的73.56%。主要分布在滑縣、延津縣、開封縣、永城市北部、長(zhǎng)垣縣、杞縣中部和東北部、中牟縣中部、蘭考縣西部和北部、通許縣東北部和南部、夏邑縣西北部和東部、內(nèi)黃縣中部和西南部等地。2010年,易風(fēng)蝕性土地總面積2359.58 km2,占研究區(qū)總面積的6.34%,占耕地總面積的8.98%,占旱地總面積的71.38%。主要分布在內(nèi)黃縣、長(zhǎng)垣縣東南部、開封縣西北部、中牟縣中部、清豐縣西北部、封丘縣東部、滑縣、延津縣、濮陽(yáng)縣等地。
[Abstract]:In the lower reaches of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, changes, changes, alluvium and other activities have created a large area of sand dunes, sand hills and alluvial fans, which have formed a large scale of wind desertification land under the influence of wind and human activities. However, the wind sand desertification in the yellow plain of Henan province has not been cited for a long period of time. Enough attention is given. Today, there is still a lack of sufficient basis for the definition of the scope of the wind and sand area in the plain of the Yellow River Plain, and the research on the wind erosion land is more lacking. Therefore, this paper makes use of the written records, the ancient river road map and the related research results of other scholars in the river course of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Combining with the analysis of the topography and landform in the downstream plain area, the characteristics of the wind sand area in the Yellow plain are defined, and the scope of the wind sand area in the Yellow plain plain is studied. At the same time, based on the remote sensing images of TM, ALOS and other remote sensing images, the land use information is extracted by the unsupervised classification method, and the analysis of the soil data in Henan is carried out. A systematic analysis and Research on the current situation of wind erosion land in the Yellow plain of Henan is systematically analyzed and studied. Through the study, it is found that: (1) the genesis of the aeolian sandy area of the Henan yellow plain is mainly composed of historical causes, natural causes and human effects. However, because both the dry season and the wind speed are consistent in the time series, the human influence is the high density population and high intensity human activities in the region. (2) according to the regional characteristics of the yellowish plain of Henan, the principle is formulated, and the 36 counties of Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Zhengzhou, Jiaozuo, Hebi, Puyang, Xinxiang and Anyang are divided into the yellowish plain wind sand areas. The total area of 37 thousand and 200 km2, accounting for 22.28%. (3) of the total area of Henan province is the land use type of wind erosion in the yellowish plain wind sand area for.1990 years. The dry land area of the study area is 17493.03 km2, which mainly distributes in Yongcheng, Kaifeng County, Zhongmu County, Huaxian, Shangqiu County, Yucheng County, Xiaye County, Puyang County, nehuang County, Changyuan County, Xinzheng City, Weishi County, and zhe. City County, Wuzhi County, Fengqiu county and other counties.2000 years, the area of dry land in the study area is 10152.10 km2, mainly distributed in Yongcheng, Huaxian, Yanjin County, Kaifeng County, Changyuan County, Xiaye County, Qixian County, Zhongmu County, Lankao County, Tongxu County, nehuang County, Ning Ling County, Weishi County, and so on.2010 years, the area of dry land is 3305.62 km2, mainly distributed in nehuang County, Changyuan county. Kaifeng County, Puyang County, Zhongmu County, Fengqiu County, Qingfeng County, Weihui City, Yanjin County, Huaxian, Wuzhi County, Xunxian County, Puyang city Hualong district. (4) the soil types, soil texture, soil particle size composition and soil erosion erodibility analysis in the comprehensive study area, and determine that there are 8 types of soil erosion soil in the region: loam tidal soil, loamy irrigation and silt soil, Sandy tidal soil, sandy tidal soil, sandy tidal soil, sandy chloride Salinization Soil, fixed meadow sandy soil, semi fixed meadow aeolian sandy soil. (5) the wind erosion land in the study area refers to the dry land of surface soil as erosive soil in.1990 years, and the total area of wind erosion land is 11858.75 km2, accounting for 31.84% of the total area of the study area, accounting for the total area of cultivated land. 37.45%, the 67.79%. of the total area of the dryland is mainly distributed in Zhongmu County, Kaifeng County, Huaxian, Yuanyang County, the central and southern part of nehuang County, Changyuan County, Western Weishi County, Yucheng county and Xiaye county. The total area of wind erosion land is 7468.11m2, accounting for 20.05% of the total area of the study area, accounting for 25.32% of the total area of cultivated land, accounting for 73.56%. of the total area of dryland. Mainly distributed in Huaxian, Yanjin County, Kaifeng County, northern Yongcheng City, Changyuan County, central and northeastern Qixian County, central Zhongmu County, West and north of Lankao County, northeast and south of Tongxu County, northwest and east of Xiyi County, central and southwest of nehuang County,.2010, the total area of wind erosion land is 2359.58 km2, accounting for 6.34 of the total area of the research area. % of the total area of cultivated land, accounting for 8.98% of the total area of arable land, the 71.38%. of the total area of the dryland is mainly distributed in Neihuang County, Southeast of Changyuan County, northwest of Kaifeng County, central Zhongmu County, northwest of Qingfeng County, Eastern Fengqiu County, Huaxian, Yanjin county and Puyang county.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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