本文選題：溝渠—塘系統(tǒng) + 沉淀池��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染作為滇池水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的主要原因之一,而湖濱帶作為農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染物通過徑流進(jìn)入滇池的過渡帶,既有上游來水的凈化問題,也有區(qū)間農(nóng)田回歸水的凈化問題。利用湖濱區(qū)溝渠條件,經(jīng)適當(dāng)改造,提高其水質(zhì)凈化作用,對(duì)控制農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染具有重要意義。在靜態(tài)小試的基礎(chǔ)上,在松華壩退耕區(qū)動(dòng)態(tài)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn),獲得如下研究結(jié)果： (1)以污水處理站尾水為原水,以水箱為容器,人工種植沉水植物、放養(yǎng)水生動(dòng)物開展靜態(tài)試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,不同的沉水植物、水生動(dòng)物組合方式,具有不同的水質(zhì)凈化效果,螺+蚌+輪葉狐尾藻+菹草的組合方式,具有較強(qiáng)的水質(zhì)凈化作用。其中對(duì)總氮的最高去除率達(dá)到61.19%,對(duì)總磷的最高去除率達(dá)到79.20%,對(duì)COD的最高去除率最高為15.96%。對(duì)于COD去除效果不顯著。 (2)在松華壩庫區(qū)利用原有溝渠,經(jīng)適當(dāng)改造、分區(qū),設(shè)計(jì)成沉淀池→填料池→復(fù)氧池→生物恢復(fù)池,凈化上游來水和實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)周邊徑流水。結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)能適應(yīng)處理水力停留時(shí)間大幅度變化(斷流到21.97h)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件,能取得較好的凈化效果。經(jīng)近半年多的觀測(cè),本技術(shù)除對(duì)總氮(平均凈化率63.4%)、氨氮(平均凈化率43.9%)、硝氮(平均凈化率71.0%)和總磷(平均凈化率50.9%)均有良好的凈化作用。但對(duì)COD基本無效。經(jīng)改造后,溝渠系統(tǒng)的整體去除效率明顯優(yōu)于天然溝渠。 (3)沉淀池水力停留時(shí)間3.19-227h,平均水力停留時(shí)間55.95h。對(duì)總氮,氨氮,硝氮的凈化作用均不明顯,對(duì)總磷,COD的去除作用較好。沉淀池對(duì)各污染物平均去除率分別達(dá)到總磷30.32%,氨氮21.35%,COD16.49%,硝氮5.88%,總氮5.55%。 (4)填料池對(duì)總氮以及硝氮的體積負(fù)荷較總磷、氨氮以及COD效果明顯。水力停留時(shí)間最大為200h,最小為2.81h。在水力停留時(shí)間為3.48h時(shí),與其它水力停留時(shí)間下的總氮、硝氮、氨氮以及總磷的體積負(fù)荷相比均達(dá)到了最高值,分別為14.78g/m3.h,1.50g/m3-h,18.39g/m3.h,1.40g/m3.h。相應(yīng)的,對(duì)各污染物平均去除率分別達(dá)到總氮33.69%,硝氮54.35%,氨氮35.80%,總磷48.21%。填料池對(duì)總氮以及硝氮的去除效果比對(duì)總磷,氨氮以及COD的好。 (5)復(fù)氧池水力停留時(shí)間最高為497h,最低為7.00h,平均水力停留時(shí)間為114.60h。復(fù)氧池對(duì)總氮、總磷、硝氮、氨氮以及COD的凈化效果均較好。其中對(duì)硝氮的平均體積負(fù)荷最高,為3.21g/m3·h。復(fù)氧池對(duì)硝氮的平均去除率達(dá)最高,為60.37%。對(duì)其它污染物平均去除率分別達(dá)到總磷31.19%,氨氮41.17%,COD15.62%,總氮36.53%。復(fù)氧池的沉水植物對(duì)于氮磷的去除起到了關(guān)鍵作用。 (6)生物恢復(fù)池水力停留時(shí)間最高為466.67h,最低為6.56h,平均水力停留時(shí)間為101.69h。生物恢復(fù)池對(duì)總氮的凈化效果較其它污染物好,平均體積負(fù)荷為1.53g/m3·h。對(duì)各污染物平均去除率分別達(dá)到總磷24.31%,氨氮29.18%,COD14.29%,硝氮40.89%,總氮35.88%�？梢钥闯錾锘謴�(fù)池對(duì)硝氮的去除效果最好。 (7)總體來看,COD的去除主要在生物恢復(fù)池；氨氮的去處主要在復(fù)氧池；硝氮的去除主要在填料池和復(fù)氧池；總氮的去除主要在填料池和復(fù)氧池�？偭椎娜コ饕诔恋沓睾蛷�(fù)氧池。沉淀池對(duì)COD的凈化效率最高,達(dá)到16.5%。填料池對(duì)總磷的凈化效率最佳(33.26%),復(fù)氧池對(duì)氨氮(41.17%)、硝氮(60.37%)和總氮(36.53%)的凈化效率最高。系統(tǒng)對(duì)COD的凈化效果有限。
[Abstract]:The agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main reasons for the eutrophication of Dianchi water body, and the lakeside belt, as the transitional zone of agricultural non-point source pollutants through runoff into Dianchi, has both the purification of the upstream water and the purification of the return water in the interval. It is of great significance to control agricultural non-point source pollution. On the basis of static test, dynamic field test in Songhua Dam reclaimed farmland is carried out.
(1) taking the tail water of the sewage treatment station as the original water and using the water tank as the container, the submerged macrophytes were planted and the aquatic animals were carried out static tests. The results showed that the combination of different submerged plants and aquatic animals had different water purification effects. The combination of snail + clam + leaf Fox and Potamogeton Potamogeton and Potamogeton crispus had a strong water purification effect. The maximum removal rate of total nitrogen is 61.19%, the maximum removal rate of total phosphorus is 79.20%, and the highest removal rate of COD is 15.96%., which is not significant for the removal of COD.
(2) using the original ditch in the reservoir area of Songhua Dam, the sediment pool, filling pool, reoxygen pool and biological recovery pool are designed by proper transformation, and the flow of water from the upper reaches of the upper reaches and the surrounding water of the experimentation area are purified. The results show that the system can adapt to the field conditions of a large change in the hydraulic retention time (disconnection to 21.97h) and achieve better purification efficiency. After nearly half a year of observation, this technique has good purification effect except for total nitrogen (average purification rate 63.4%), ammonia nitrogen (average purification rate 43.9%), nitrate nitrogen (average purification rate 71%) and total phosphorus (average purification rate 50.9%). However, the overall removal efficiency of the ditch system is obviously better than that of natural ditch after the transformation of COD.
(3) the water retention time of the sedimentation tank is 3.19-227h. The average hydraulic retention time 55.95h. has no obvious purification effect on total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The removal of total phosphorus and COD is better. The average removal rate of the pollutants in the sedimentation tank reaches 30.32% of the total phosphorus, 21.35% of ammonia nitrogen, COD16.49%, nitrate nitrogen, 5.88%, and 5.55%..
(4) the volume load of the total nitrogen and nitrite in the packing pool is more effective than the total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and COD. The maximum hydraulic retention time is 200H, and the minimum is 2.81h. when the hydraulic retention time is 3.48h, and the maximum value is reached to the volume load of total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus under the other hydraulic retention time, 14.78g/m3.h, 1.50 respectively. The average removal rate of g/m3-h, 18.39g/m3.h and 1.40g/m3.h. reached 33.69% of total nitrogen, 54.35% of nitrite and nitrogen, 35.80% for ammonia nitrogen. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen and nitrogen by the total phosphorus 48.21%. filler pool was better than that of total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and COD.
(5) the maximum hydraulic retention time of the reoxygenation tank is 497h and the lowest is 7.00h. The average hydraulic retention time is better for the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus, the nitrate nitrogen, the ammonia nitrogen and the COD. The average volume load of the nitrate nitrogen is the highest, and the average removal rate of the nitrate nitrogen is the highest for the 3.21g/m3 / h. reoxygenation pool, which is 60.37%. to other pollutants. The average removal rate reached 31.19% of total phosphorus, 41.17% of ammonia nitrogen, and COD15.62%. The submerged plants of total nitrogen 36.53%. reoxygenation pond played a key role in nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
(6) the maximum hydraulic retention time of the biological recovery pool is 466.67h, the lowest is 6.56h. The average hydraulic retention time is better than that of other pollutants. The average volume load is 1.53g/m3. H., the average removal rate of 1.53g/m3. H. to the total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen 29.18%, COD14.29%, nitrate nitrogen 40.89% and total nitrogen 35.88, respectively. %. It can be seen that the biological recovery pool has the best removal effect on nitrate nitrogen.
(7) in general, the removal of COD is mainly in the biological recovery pool. The removal of ammonia is mainly in the reoxygen pool; the removal of nitrate is mainly in the packing pool and reoxygenation pool; the removal of total nitrogen is mainly in the packing pool and reoxygenation pool. The removal of total phosphorus is mainly in the sedimentation tank and reoxygenation pool. The purification efficiency of the sedimentation tank to the COD is the highest, reaching the 16.5%. packing pool to the total phosphorus. The purification efficiency is the best (33.26%), and the reoxygenation tank has the highest purification efficiency for ammonia nitrogen (41.17%), nitrate nitrogen (60.37%) and total nitrogen (36.53%). The purification effect of the system on COD is limited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X712

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