本文選題：脅迫 + 干旱　； 參考：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報》2017年21期

【摘要】：為探究水稻旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)下先期旱脅迫與后期澇脅迫交互作用對產(chǎn)量造成的影響,于2016年在淮委水科院新馬橋試驗站開展了不同旱澇水平(受旱程度(50%~70%田持),受旱時間(5~15 d),受澇程度(50%~100%株高),受澇時間(5~9 d))的旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組,單旱組,單澇組,正常組平行對比形式的測桶試驗。分析了不同旱澇組合形式下先旱與后澇互作效應的減產(chǎn)規(guī)律,進一步探究了旱澇互作對產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素的影響。結(jié)果表明:通過旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組與正常組對比,重旱重澇組合減產(chǎn)30.3%,對產(chǎn)量最為不利,長時間重旱使總粒數(shù)削減30%左右,千粒質(zhì)量與結(jié)實率均接近或高于正常組;旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組與單旱組對比,旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組(重澇)比單旱組產(chǎn)量削減程度增加30%以上,總粒數(shù)損失增加33.9%~35.2%,旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組(短期輕澇)比單旱組(長期重旱)千粒質(zhì)量和結(jié)實率分別補償33.6%和37.6%;旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組與單澇組對比,旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組(長期輕旱)比單澇組(長期重澇)產(chǎn)量補償113.0%,旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組(重旱)比單澇組(重澇或長期輕澇)總粒數(shù)削減31.9%~33.7%,旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)組(長期旱)比單澇組千粒質(zhì)量和結(jié)實率分別補償79.7%和118.4%。研究成果可為探究旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)致災機理及減災措施提供參考。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of the interaction between the early drought stress and the late waterlogging stress on the yield of rice under the rapid transformation of drought and flood, In 2016, at Xinmaqiao Experimental Station of Huai Committee Water Institute, drought and flood rapid turning group, single drought group and single flood group were carried out at Xinmaqiao Experimental Station of Huai Committee Water Science Institute (drought degree was 50%, drought time was 5 ~ 15 days, flood degree was 50 ~ 100% plant height, waterlogging time was 5 ~ 9 days). The bucket test in the normal group in parallel contrast form. In this paper, the effect of drought and waterlogging on yield reduction under different combination of drought and flood is analyzed, and the effect of drought and flood interaction on yield composition is further explored. The results showed that: compared with the normal group, the heavy drought and heavy waterlogging combination reduced the yield by 30.3%, the long time heavy drought reduced the total number of grains by about 30%, and the weight of thousands of seeds and the seed setting rate were close to or higher than the normal group. Compared with the single drought group, the yield reduction degree of the drought / flood acute transformation group (heavy flood group) was more than 30% higher than that of the single drought group. The total grain number loss increased by 33.9% and 35.2%, the weight and seed setting rate of thousands of seeds in the drought and flood quick turning group (short term light flood) were 33.6% and 37.6% respectively compared with the single drought group (long term severe drought), and the comparison between the drought and flood quick turn group and the single flood group was carried out, and the total grain number loss was increased by 33.9% and 37.6%, respectively. The total grain number of drought and flood rapid transition group (heavy flood group or long term light flood group) was 31.9% lower than that of single flood group (heavy waterlogging group or long term light flood group), and that of drought and flood rapid transition group (long-term drought group) was more than that of single flood group (long term drought group), and the total grain number of single flood and waterlogging group (heavy drought group) was 31.9% lower than that of single flood group (long term drought group). The quality and seed setting rate were compensated by 79.7% and 118.4%, respectively. The research results can provide a reference for exploring the mechanism of drought and flood turning to disaster reduction.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學水資源與水電工程科學國家重點實驗室;安徽省水利部淮河水利委員會水利科學研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金資助項目:旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)生機理與減災方法研究(51339004)
【分類號】：S42;S511

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