本文選題：酸性土壤 + 植物物料　； 參考：《海南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)酸沉降和酸降雨等的頻發(fā)加速了熱區(qū)土壤的酸化,土壤酸化會(huì)導(dǎo)致土壤貧瘠化和重金屬元素活化等問(wèn)題,土壤酸化逐漸成為影響作物生產(chǎn)的重要因素。以不同添加量(1.5%、4.5%、7.5%)向熱區(qū)典型酸性磚紅壤中加入熱帶亞熱帶植物物料椰殼、橡膠木、香蕉假莖和甘蔗渣以及這四種植物物料制備的生物質(zhì)炭,通過(guò)室內(nèi)土壤培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)和生物炭的盆栽試驗(yàn)比較不同物料對(duì)酸性磚紅壤改良效果。研究結(jié)果如下： 植物物料加入酸性土壤中可以不同程度地影響土壤pH值,其中香蕉假莖處理和橡膠木屑處理提升pH值效果要優(yōu)于椰糠和甘蔗渣,土壤最終pH值與植物物料中的灰化堿(r2=0.91)、含氮量(r2=0.88)以及鹽基離子含量(r2=0.92)呈顯著正相關(guān)；除了椰糠處理其他物料均降低了土壤交換性酸度EA和交換性鋁的含量；四種植物物料均能增加土壤鹽基總量和陽(yáng)離子交換量,土壤各鹽基離子含量的變化因植物物料鹽基養(yǎng)分而異；土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量隨著植物物料添加量的增加而增加；香蕉假莖處理土壤速效鉀含量增加明顯；除香蕉假莖處理外其他處理土壤速效磷含量低于對(duì)照；堿解氮含量的變化則隨著物料的添加量增加而降低,香蕉假莖處理的堿解氮含量與對(duì)照之間無(wú)差異。 添加生物質(zhì)炭可以不同程度提高酸性土壤pH值,其中香蕉假莖炭處理的土壤pH上升幅度要優(yōu)于椰殼炭、甘蔗炭和橡膠木炭；土壤最終pH值與生物炭中的灰化堿量(r2=0.99)、含氮量(r2=88)以及鹽基離子含量(r2=97)呈顯著正相關(guān)；四種生物質(zhì)炭均增加了土壤鹽基總量和陽(yáng)離子交換量,香蕉假莖炭各添加量、椰殼炭4.5%、7.5%添加量和膠木炭7.5%添加量處理達(dá)到鹽基過(guò)飽和；香蕉假莖炭、椰殼炭處理和橡膠木炭處理均能降低土壤交換性酸度和交換性鋁的含量；土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)隨著生物質(zhì)炭添加量的增加而增加；椰殼炭和香蕉假莖炭可以大幅度提升土壤速效鉀含量；速效磷含量隨著生物質(zhì)炭添加量的增加而增加；香蕉假莖炭處理堿解氮含量顯著低于對(duì)照土壤,其他處理與空白之間差異不顯著。 在溫室小白菜盆栽試驗(yàn)中,香蕉假莖炭單施、石灰單施、香炭一椰炭混施、香炭一膠木炭混施、香炭一石灰混施等處理相比于對(duì)照小白菜單株鮮重均顯著提高。生物質(zhì)炭的單施和混施都能夠降低土壤酸度；生物質(zhì)炭混施的土壤有效養(yǎng)分含量和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量均高于空白對(duì)照處理和石灰處理。 綜上所述,有機(jī)物料的改良效果順序：香蕉假莖生物炭橡膠木生物炭椰殼生物炭甘蔗渣生物炭；香蕉假莖橡膠木渣甘蔗渣椰糠。盆栽綜合效果來(lái)看：香炭一椰炭混施效果優(yōu)于單施香蕉假莖炭。
[Abstract]:In recent years, acid deposition and acid precipitation have accelerated the acidification of soil in hot areas. Soil acidification will lead to soil barren and heavy metal activation. Soil acidification has gradually become an important factor affecting crop production. Add coconut shell, rubber wood, banana pseudostem and bagasse to typical acid latosol in the hot zone, and the biomass carbon produced by these four plant materials. The effects of different materials on the improvement of acid latosol were compared by indoor soil culture test and biochar pot experiment. The findings are as follows: Adding plant materials to acid soil could affect the pH value of soil to some extent, and the effect of banana pseudostem treatment and rubber sawdust treatment was better than that of coconut bran and bagasse. The final pH value of soil was positively correlated with the content of alkaline ash (R2N) 0.88) and the content of base ions (R20.92) in plant materials, except for coconut chaff treatment, the contents of exchangeable acidity EA and exchangeable aluminum in soil were decreased. All the four plant materials could increase the total amount of soil base and cation exchange capacity, and the content of soil basic ions varied with the amount of plant material, and the content of soil organic matter increased with the increase of plant material content, and the content of soil organic matter increased with the increase of plant material content. The content of available potassium in banana pseudostem treatment was obviously increased, the available phosphorus content in other treatments except banana pseudostem treatment was lower than that in control, and the change of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen content decreased with the increase of material content. There was no difference between the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of banana pseudostem treatment and the control. The pH value of acidic soil could be increased by adding biomass charcoal, and the pH value of banana pseudostem charcoal was better than that of coconut char, sugarcane charcoal and rubber charcoal. The final pH value of soil was positively correlated with the amount of alkali ash in biochar, the content of nitrogen and the content of basic ions, and the total amount of base and cation exchange was increased, and the amount of banana pseudostem charcoal was increased, and the content of cationic exchange was increased in the four kinds of biomass charcoal, and the total amount of base and cation exchange was increased in the four kinds of biomass char, and the content of carbon in banana pseudostem was also increased in the four kinds of biomass charcoal. The addition of 4.5% and 7.5% of coconut shell charcoal and 7.5% addition of char reached base-base supersaturation, banana pseudostem charcoal, coconut shell charcoal treatment and rubber charcoal treatment all decreased the soil exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminum content. Soil organic matter increased with the increase of biomass carbon content, coconut shell charcoal and banana pseudostem charcoal increased soil available potassium content, and available phosphorus content increased with the increase of biomass carbon addition. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in banana pseudostem carbon treatment was significantly lower than that in control soil, but there was no significant difference between other treatments and blank. In pot experiment of greenhouse pakchoi, the fresh weight of banana pseudostem charcoal alone, lime alone, charcoal and coconut charcoal mixed, charcoal / rubber charcoal mixed, and charcoal / lime mixed application were significantly higher than that of the control pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.). The available nutrients and organic matter content of the soil treated with biomass carbon mixture were higher than those of the control treatment and lime treatment. To sum up, the order of improvement effect of organic materials: banana pseudostem biological carbon, wood, carbon, bagasse, and banana pseudostem rubber, bagasse and coconut bran. The comprehensive effect of pot culture showed that the effect of mixed application of fragrant charcoal and coconut charcoal was better than that of banana pseudostem charcoal alone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S156.6

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