本文選題：黃河三角洲 + 土壤　； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,一系列環(huán)境問(wèn)題也隨之出現(xiàn),其中土壤重金屬污染問(wèn)題日益引起人類重視,已成為環(huán)境科學(xué)研究中的焦點(diǎn)之一。重金屬污染的來(lái)源主要包括固體廢棄物的堆放、污水灌溉、農(nóng)用物資的使用以及大氣沉降等幾個(gè)方面。重金屬是一種持久性的有毒污染物,具有隱藏性和積聚性等特點(diǎn),進(jìn)入土壤環(huán)境后不易被生物降解,移動(dòng)性太差,滯留時(shí)間長(zhǎng),治理困難,久而久之,在土壤中其濃度會(huì)逐漸增大,當(dāng)濃度超過(guò)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的自凈能力時(shí),就會(huì)威脅生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡,導(dǎo)致生態(tài)功能失調(diào),并能夠通過(guò)食物鏈遷移進(jìn)入生物體內(nèi),進(jìn)而危害人類健康。土壤微生物群落作為土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的重要組分之一,對(duì)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和穩(wěn)定性起了至關(guān)重要的作用。土壤重金屬含量可能會(huì)影響土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和多樣性,因此探討土壤重金屬對(duì)土壤微生物群落的影響,可為土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定或者受損生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的修復(fù)提供一定的參考依據(jù)。本研究以黃河三角洲濕地國(guó)家自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的核心區(qū)、緩沖區(qū)和實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)的土壤為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)土壤中六種重金屬的含量、分布特征及其對(duì)土壤中微生物(包括細(xì)菌、真菌和放線菌)群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響做了研究,主要研究結(jié)果如下。1.黃河三角洲濕地內(nèi)表層重金屬的含量與山東省土壤環(huán)境背景值相比,核心區(qū)、實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)和緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)的所有樣點(diǎn)Cd的含量均超過(guò)了環(huán)境背景值,Mn的含量均小于環(huán)境背景值;核心區(qū)和實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)1號(hào)樣點(diǎn)的Cu、Pb、Zn,3、4號(hào)樣點(diǎn)的Zn都超過(guò)了環(huán)境背景值;實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)4號(hào)樣點(diǎn)的Cu超過(guò)了環(huán)境背景值;緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)1、2、3號(hào)樣點(diǎn)的Pb和Zn,3號(hào)樣點(diǎn)的Cu和1號(hào)樣點(diǎn)的Cr均超過(guò)了環(huán)境背景值。通過(guò)分析得出黃河三角洲濕地內(nèi)污染最嚴(yán)重的重金屬是Cd,其次為Zn、Pb、Cu,區(qū)域內(nèi)Cr和Mn沒(méi)有明顯的重金屬累積現(xiàn)象。相關(guān)性分析的結(jié)果表明,六種重金屬元素與有機(jī)質(zhì)、總氮和總磷之間呈極顯著正相關(guān)。2.黃河三角洲濕地中核心區(qū)、緩沖區(qū)和實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)重金屬的污染狀況基本相似,沒(méi)有顯著差異,重金屬之間的相關(guān)性稍有不同。水平分布上,核心區(qū)內(nèi)的Cd與Cu、Pb、Zn含量,Cu與Mn、Pb、Zn含量,Mn與Pb、Zn、Cr含量,Pb與Zn、Cr含量,Zn與Cr含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),Cd與Mn含量呈顯著正相關(guān)。緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)重金屬Cd與Pb、Zn,Cu與Mn、Zn、Cr,Pb與Zn、Cr,Zn與Cr、Mn之間呈極顯著正相關(guān),Cd與Cr,Mn與Pb、Cr呈顯著正相關(guān)。實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)Cd與Pb、Zn、Cr,Cu和Mn,Zn和Cd、Mn、Pb、Cr之間呈顯著正相關(guān)。垂直分布上,相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,重金屬的含量隨著土壤深度的變化沒(méi)有明顯的規(guī)律性�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),土壤表層的重金屬含量比較高,呈現(xiàn)表面累積性。核心區(qū)和實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)內(nèi)重金屬的含量隨土壤深度增加的變化波動(dòng)的趨勢(shì)比較平緩,緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)各重金屬含量隨深度的變化呈現(xiàn)較大的波動(dòng)性。3.土壤中重金屬含量對(duì)土壤微生物指標(biāo)和群落多樣性的影響研究結(jié)果表明,土壤中六種重金屬的含量與微生物生物量碳、生物量氮和微生物商呈顯著或極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),說(shuō)明隨著重金屬含量增加,微生物生物量隨之降低。多種重金屬的綜合作用與土壤中的脲酶、過(guò)氧化氫酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的酶活性有一定的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)酶活性產(chǎn)生了一定的抑制作用,表明土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物商和酶活性等指標(biāo)能夠在一定程度上反應(yīng)土壤受重金屬影響的情況。土壤重金屬的綜合污染對(duì)土壤微生物的群落數(shù)量和多樣性指數(shù)均產(chǎn)生一定的影響,重金屬含量對(duì)微生物的群落生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生一定的抑制作用,其中重金屬Cu對(duì)真菌、重金屬Cr對(duì)細(xì)菌菌落的生長(zhǎng)有明顯的抑制作用;重金屬含量與微生物多樣性指數(shù)之間的關(guān)系不顯著。說(shuō)明微生物的菌落數(shù)和多樣性在某種程度上不能用來(lái)表征土壤重金屬的污染水平。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, a series of environmental problems have emerged. Among them, the problem of soil heavy metal pollution has attracted more and more attention and has become one of the focus of environmental science research. The source of heavy metal pollution mainly includes the stacking of solid waste, sewage irrigation, the use of agricultural materials and atmospheric settlement. In several aspects, heavy metal is a persistent toxic pollutant, which has the characteristics of hidden and accumulation. It is not easy to be biodegraded after entering the soil environment. The mobility is too poor, the retention time is long, and the treatment is difficult. In the soil, the concentration will increase gradually. When the concentration exceeds the self purification capacity of the soil ecosystem, it will be threatened. Ecological system balance, resulting in ecological dysfunction, and can migrate through the food chain into the organism, and then harm human health. As one of the important components of the soil ecosystem, soil microbial community plays an important role in the structure and stability of soil ecosystem. Soil heavy metal content may affect soil. Soil microbial community structure and diversity, so the study of the influence of soil heavy metals on soil microbial community can provide some reference for soil ecosystem stability or damaged ecosystem restoration. This study is based on the core area, buffer zone and experimentation area in the National Nature Reserve of the Yellow River delta wetland. The content of six heavy metals in soil, distribution characteristics and the influence of the soil microbes (including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) community structure in soil are studied. The main results are as follows: the content of heavy metals in the surface of the.1. the Yellow River delta wetland is compared with the background value of the soil environment in Shandong Province, the core area, the experimentation area and the buffer zone. The content of all Cd in all samples exceeded the environmental background value, and the content of Mn was less than the environmental background value; the Zn of Cu, Pb, Zn and 3,4 samples in the core and experimentation area at the 1 sample point exceeded the environmental background value; the Cu in the No. 4 point in the experimentation area exceeded the environmental background value; the Pb and Zn in the 1,2,3 sample point in the buffer zone and the Cu and number 1 of the 3 sample point. The point of Cr exceeded the environmental background value. Through analysis, the most polluted heavy metal in the the Yellow River delta wetland was Cd, followed by Zn, Pb, Cu, and there was no significant accumulation of heavy metals in Cr and Mn in the region. The results of correlation analysis showed that the six heavy metal elements were positively correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.2. the Yellow River The pollution status of heavy metals in the core area, buffer zone and experimentation area in the delta wetland is basically similar, there is no significant difference, and the correlation of heavy metals is slightly different. On the level distribution, Cd and Cu, Pb, Zn content, Cu and Mn, Pb, Zn content, Mn and Pb, Zn, Cr content, content and content are very significant positive correlation There is a significant positive correlation between heavy metals Cd and Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn, Zn, Cr, Pb and Zn, Cr, Zn and Cr. There is no obvious regularity in the change of soil depth. In general, the heavy metal content in the soil surface is high, showing the accumulation of surface. The trend of heavy metal content in the core area and experimentation area is relatively gentle with the increase of soil depth, and the heavy metal content in the buffer zone presents a larger fluctuation.3. with the depth of the soil. The effect of heavy metal content in soil on soil microbial index and community diversity showed that the content of six heavy metals in soil was significantly negatively correlated with microbial biomass carbon, biomass nitrogen and microbial business, indicating that microbiological biomass decreased with the increase of heavy metal content. The action has a certain negative correlation with the enzyme activity of urease, catalase, phosphatase and invertase in the soil, and has a certain inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. It shows that soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial business and enzyme activity can reflect the influence of heavy metals on Soil in a certain range. Soil weight. The comprehensive pollution of metals has a certain effect on the community number and diversity index of soil microbes. Heavy metal content has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of microbial community. Heavy metal Cu has obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi and heavy metal Cr on bacterial colonies; heavy metal content and microbial diversity index The relationship between the number of bacteria and the diversity of microorganisms can not be used to characterize the level of heavy metal pollution in some extent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;S154.3

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本文編號(hào)：1869104