本文選題：枯落物 + 模擬降雨　； 參考：《水利學報》2017年03期

【摘要】：本研究采用模擬降雨實驗的方法,研究了30、60和90 mm/h降雨強度下,5種枯落物覆蓋坡面徑流的水動力學特征,以期揭示枯落物覆蓋條件對坡面產流產沙過程及其徑流水動力學特征影響。研究結果表明:坡面平均產流率和產沙率隨降雨強度增大而增大,隨枯落物生物量增加而減小,并且與降雨強度和枯落物生物量之間均為指數(shù)函數(shù)關系;坡面流量-歷時曲線穩(wěn)定流量值主要受降雨強度的影響;產沙率-歷時曲線穩(wěn)定產沙率受降雨強度和枯落物生物量等多種因素的影響;枯落物覆蓋對坡面徑流水動力學特性有顯著影響,相比于裸坡覆蓋有50、100、150、200 g/m~2枯落物坡面徑流平均流速相比裸坡減少率分別在17.7%、26.8%、37.9%、53.7%;雷諾數(shù)減少率分別在11.2%、18.7%、26.3%、33.4%左右;弗勞德數(shù)減少率在21.3%、30.3%、42.9%、61.2%左右,Darcy-Weisbach阻力系數(shù)增大了0.5~5.6倍;產沙率與Darcy-Weisbach阻力系數(shù)呈對數(shù)關系,與剪切力和徑流功率呈線性關系,枯落物能顯著增大徑流臨界剪切力和功率;產沙率(Dr)和各水動力學因子間有良好的相關關系,相關程度順序為:RewVPFrft。
[Abstract]:In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of runoff with 5 litter cover on slope surface under rainfall intensity of 30 ~ 60 and 90 mm/h were studied by means of simulated rainfall experiment. In order to reveal the effect of litter cover condition on runoff and sediment yield and runoff hydrodynamic characteristics. The results show that the average runoff yield and sediment yield increase with the increase of rainfall intensity, and decrease with the increase of litter biomass, and are exponential functions with rainfall intensity and litter biomass. The steady flow value of slope flow-duration curve is mainly affected by rainfall intensity, and the stable sediment yield rate of sediment yield curve is affected by rainfall intensity and litter biomass, etc. Litter cover had a significant effect on hydrodynamic characteristics of runoff on slope surface. Compared with bare slope, the average runoff velocity of sloping slope with 50100150200 g/m~2 litter cover decreased by 17.7and 26.8cm, respectively, and the reduction rate of Reynolds number was about 37.4% compared with that of bare slope, and the reduction rate of Reynolds number was about 11.218.7% and 33.4%, respectively. The decrease rate of Froude number is about 61.2%, the resistance coefficient of Darcy-Weisbach increases by 0.55.6 times, the sediment yield is logarithmic with Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient, and it is linearly related with shear force and runoff power, and litter can increase the critical shear force and power of runoff significantly. There is a good correlation between sediment yield and hydrodynamic factors, and the order of correlation is: 1 RewVP Frft.
【作者單位】： 北京林業(yè)大學教育部水土保持與荒漠化防治重點實驗室;
【基金】：十二五林業(yè)生態(tài)科技工程項目(2015BAD07B0302)
【分類號】：S157.1

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